Position Papers by Country

Position paper for Sudan

Committee:	GA First
Topic:	Reducing space threats through norms, rules and principles of responsible behaviours
Paper text:
The Republic of Sudan reaffirms its enduring commitment to the peaceful use of outer space and supports global efforts to reduce space threats through the development of norms, rules, and principles of responsible conduct. As a signatory of the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, Sudan firmly opposes the weaponization of space and advocates for equitable access to space technologies for all nations. It views outer space as a global commons that must remain free from conflict, militarization, and exclusion, ensuring that its exploration and utilization are conducted solely for peaceful purposes and the benefit of all humankind. Sudan has consistently endorsed United Nations resolutions that promote transparency, build mutual trust, and prevent an arms race in outer space. Notably, it supported the establishment and continuation of the Open-Ended Working Group (OEWG) on reducing space threats in 2022 and 2023, recognizing it as a vital platform for inclusive dialogue and the development of responsible norms of behavior. These actions reflect Sudan’s enduring belief in multilateralism and its strong commitment to cooperative space governance under the United Nations framework. Sudan also underscores the need for responsible behaviors in orbit, including the mitigation of space debris, the exchange of information on space activities, and the avoidance of any actions that could create long-lasting hazards or increase mistrust among nations. Furthermore, Sudan emphasizes that equitable participation in space activities is essential to ensuring that outer space remains a domain of peaceful cooperation, scientific advancement, and sustainable development for all Member States. Sudan calls on all nations to uphold responsible conduct, share best practices, and engage in transparent dialogue to reduce risks and build trust. It stands ready to collaborate with the international community to safeguard the future of outer space for all humanity.

Committee:	GA First
Topic:	The illicit trade in small arms and light weapons in all its aspects
Paper text:
Acknowledging past and ongoing challenges in our region, Sudan views the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons in all its aspects as a regional, national, and global concern. The illicit trade of small arms and light weapons is a threat to international peace and security. The uncontrolled trade leads to violence and destabilizes communities. Sudan has dealt with a long history of armed conflicts and humanitarian crises that are still plaguing the country. It recognizes the impact of violence that is facilitated by the illegal trade of weapons. The consequences of illegally trading weapons are vast, and Sudan is currently experiencing those consequences. Innocent civilians are paying the price of the violence that stems from the wrong hands having easy access to weapons. In Sudan, the accessibility to weapons that comes from foreign support to rebel forces has led to brutal crimes, sexual violence, kidnapping, and murders. Around 12.5 million are displaced, and more than 50,000 have been killed since April 15, 2023, when conflict broke out between the Sudanese Armed Forces and rebel forces. Sudan's suffering is largely fueled by outside sources that have made it difficult to solve or at least minimize the conflict. With the United Arab Emirates supplying weapons and support to rebel forces, among other international actors that have taken sides. The involvement of foreign influence through supplying small arms, light weapons, and military influence has enabled the crisis in Sudan. Weak laws, borders, and systems allow these arms and weapons to fall into the hands of non-government actors like criminal groups and militias. Therefore, we reaffirm our commitment to adopting a comprehensive and coordinated approach to regulating laws related to small arms and light weapons, assisting affected areas and civilians, and promoting peaceful resolutions.

Committee:	GA Second
Topic:	Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
Since its independence, Sudan has faced repeated cycles of conflict, leaving its people vulnerable to poverty as it remains one of the most fragile economies in Africa, struggling to recover from years of internal conflict, weak governance, and a large decline in formal trade. Sudan’s integration into the interdependent global system depends largely on institutional reform, sustainable infrastructure, and human capacity-building. The UN’s ongoing programs in Sudan have established the groundwork for progress, yet further expansion and coordination are still necessary. Future goals should prioritize linking humanitarian relief with long-term economic development. Programs that combine emergency aid with community-driven rebuilding (sustainable agriculture, education initiatives, and microenterprise funding) will help to strengthen local economies and reduce dependency on external assistance. Through the UNDP and UNEP, Sudan can further develop renewable energy, climate resilience, and land restoration projects to address resource scarcity and environmental degradation. To fully benefit from globalization, Sudan must build the institutional and technological capacity to engage in international trade and innovation. The UN can assist by establishing capacity-building centers focused on entrepreneurship, digital literacy, and vocational training, and expanding microfinance and small business loan programs to encourage the economy beyond traditional agriculture. Partnerships between the UN, international investors, and local communities could foster industries that create employment and strengthen Sudan’s participation in regional markets. Finally, future UN programs should focus on social reintegration and education. Millions displaced by ongoing conflict must be reintegrated into society through training and employment initiatives. Continued diplomatic cooperation with Sudan’s transitional authorities can promote a more transparent governance and address the issue of gender equality, ensuring that development is inclusive. Through these combined efforts, Sudan can move toward a stable, self-sufficient future that reflects the promise of globalization and shared progress.

Committee:	GA Second
Topic:	Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
Paper text:
The Republic of Sudan views global climate protection as an immediate existential threat to its stability and development aspirations, not merely an environmental challenge. Despite contributing minimally to global greenhouse gas emissions, Sudan bears a disproportionate burden of the consequences, which actively reverse development gains and fuel internal conflict. The arid geography of Sudan is ravaged by escalating drought, desertification, and unpredictable flash floods, directly undermining water security and food supply for millions. This climate variability acts as a risk multiplier, exacerbating resource competition and contributing directly to displacement and internal crises. Therefore, the General Assembly must recognize that for Sudan, climate protection is an urgent adaptation and peace imperative. Sudan's primary focus, as outlined in our National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) and Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), is building national resilience through high-priority interventions in water resource management and climate-smart agriculture. The Republic of Sudan is willing to contribute to global mitigation efforts, but the full implementation of these goals is contingent upon international financial, technological, and capacity-building support. In the spirit of collaboration, The Republic of Sudan calls upon member states to uphold the principle of Common But Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR). Developed nations must urgently fulfill and enhance climate finance commitments, dedicating a significant portion to adaptation in LDCs through simplified, easily accessible channels. It is also essential to prioritize technology transfer—such as advanced irrigation and renewable energy solutions—to build our technical capacity. Finally, the UN must fully mainstream climate security by integrating climate risk analysis into all humanitarian, peacebuilding, and development operations within Sudan. This collective, equitable effort is the only path toward securing a sustainable and peaceful future for all generations.

Committee:	GA Third
Topic:	Universal realization of the right of peoples to self-determination
Paper text:
Sudan is facing a terrible humanitarian crisis due to the outbreak of civil war between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). Sudan has been having persistent issues regarding political marginalization of the south, ethnic and religious tensions, and conflict over resources. Prior to the recent conflict, Sudan has had a series of civil wars and various complications that has only kept the nation weak. This includes the 2003 Darfur conflict when the Janjaweed fought against the non-Arab rebels in Darfur, resulting in hundreds of thousands of people dead or displaced. Furthermore, Sudan has faced severe floods, droughts, and famine connected to climate change and war. Omar al-Bashir governed Sudan for 30 years until the Sudanese people demanded his removal with large protests and the support of the SAF. Although the citizens fought for democracy, the Sudanese government was overthrown in a coup due to its weak transitional period. Shortly after, Sudan was faced with violent and armed conflict between the SAF and RSF. Thousands of citizens are being killed or displaced, in addition to enduring various adversities such as disease and famine. As for the concern of Sudanese women, all citizens are suffering equally and are in need of vital services. The Rapid Support Forces are a powerful paramilitary group that attempted to integrate in the Sudanese Armed Forces, leading to disagreement and conflict. The RSF have external support and funds such as access to weapons making it easier for them to gain control over regions in Sudan such as Darfur and Kordofan. They have military and political power as well as control of valuable assets that are economically significant such as gold mines. The SAF is attempting to withdraw the Rapid Support Forces from occupied areas and reclaim key territories. Inflicting damage can be done by using air and drone strikes to reduce troop losses, regrouping our forces, recruiting new troops, and exhausting the RSF’s resources. The delegation of Sudan is asking for support, not foreign interference or efforts to further ruin Sudan. The delegation of Sudan urges that all parties to the conflict ensure civilians be protected by removing citizens from certain locations safely . We call upon the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) for quick, safe, and sustained passage of humanitarian relief for civilians in need. With the aim of stopping the escalation of the conflict, we have decided to halt a siege by attempting to force the removal of the attacking army (RSF) to further prevent their occupation and attack.

Committee:	GA Third
Topic:	Improvement of the situation of women and girls in rural areas
Paper text:
Deeply concerned by the ongoing years of the civil war have resulted in devastating consequences which have caused mass displacements-fleeing from their homes and having their homes destroyed itself–, destruction of infrastructures, and the disruption of livelihoods and essential services to the people of Sudan, the delegation also speaks of the fact that the situation affects all people—men, women and children alike. Recognizing that the humanitarian crisis is the direct result of the civil war- war itself and instability- has proven to participate as the basic barriers to national recovery, it is emphasized again that the health and stability of the nation is the primary concern which must be the restoration of peace and stability in the nation. Remembering that women and girls in the rural parts of the country, as everywhere in the world, have shown the ability to meet adversity for a long period of time, provide for their families and administer their communities, Sudan indicates that the strength and resolution of women is but a manifestation of the common struggle of mankind in time of crisis. However, in this time of widespread unrest and violence that none is free from evil; that all suffering caused by war does not discriminate one’s gender. Recognizing that it is not from lack of pressure that we have resulted in the prevailing humanitarian troubles, but from the devastating effects of war, Sudan indicates that the only way in which there can be an end to the humanitarian troubles, is through the cessation of armed conflict. The delegation wishes to express its sincere concern to see that the continuing struggles continue to cause great suffering to the people of Sudan and burden their path towards peace, recovery and national unity. Sudan emphasizes the universal right of all people of the world to live in peace, dignity and security, we call to the attention of the nations of the world to the fact that settlements of the conflict must be the one humanitarian necessity.

Committee:	GA Plenary
Topic:	Our ocean, our future, our responsibility
Paper text:
The Republic of Sudan believes that protecting the Red Sea and strengthening how we coordinate emergency humanitarian assistance are both urgent issues that need to be addressed. Since the first United Nations Ocean Conference in 2017, our promises to stop pollution, warming seas, and illegal fishing that costs food, jobs, and coastal health, have not been met. The General Assembly set up the United Nations emergency coordination system in 1991 to have a neutral needs-based relief system, yet today, conflicts, floods, and disease exceed the access and funding possible. Damaged coasts and seas push families away. Port Sudan’s trade and national stability depend on clean waters, and without coordinated United Nations action, losses to fisheries, reefs, and public health will only get worse. The Republic of Sudan supports the United Nations ocean commitments from the 2017 and 1991 decisions that set up emergency aid coordination. The Republic of Sudan is also a party to the Red Sea pollution treaty made in Jeddah, and has used United Nations pooled country funds since 2006, when Sudan received Central Emergency Response Fund grants, and worked through Operation Lifeline Sudan to secure humanitarian access. The Republic of Sudan acknowledges potential and use of emergency humanitarian assistance, and has even ratified the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in 1985, passed the 2001 Environment Protection Act, and adopted the 2006 law that supports the Humanitarian Aid Commission to manage and facilitate the work of charities and aid groups.

Committee:	GA Plenary
Topic:	Strengthening of the coordination of emergency humanitarian assistance of the United Nations
Paper text:
Today, The Republic of Sudan’s Red Sea coast faces rising heat, coral stress, plastic and wastewater pollution, and illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing that threatens food, jobs, and the port of the Republic of Sudan’s trade. And while the United Nations coordinates aid and uses pooled country funds, along with the Central Emergency Response Fund, security limits, damaged roads and infrastructure, and a lack of funding have slowed the progress on these issues. The Republic of Sudan has early warning plans, however, they cannot be financed, and while the aforementioned laws provide a powerful foundation to these issues, the lack of penalties and enforcement, and outdated information prove that the current plans to stop pollution and that humanitarian assistance can be strengthened. In order to improve these plans, the Republic of Sudan suggests to first, upgrade wastewater treatment in the Red Sea ports, installing port waste reception and oil-spill kits within a year to two, as well as encouraging or funding monthly community cleanups, tracking beach plastic and pollution, and water-borne diseases. Second, catch documentation and simple vessel tracking for industrial boats, as well as joint patrols with neighboring countries, penalties for illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing. Sudan could also benefit from strengthening community enforcement around reefs, seagrass, and mangroves, by tracking illegal incidents and unlawful landings, which can be done over the span of eighteen to thirty-six months. And finally, an immediate ninety day implementation of a one-stop office to clear visas, customs, and communications licenses within five working days. This may also need additional infrastructure to log flood and disease triggers, track permit times, access denials, delivery speed, and deaths during floods and outbreaks.

Committee:	IAEA
Topic:	Nuclear security
Paper text:
The shadow of conflict has lingered over our nation for far too long, and with it comes the fear that nuclear or radioactive materials could end up in the wrong hands. We became a party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons in 1970 and concluded a comprehensive safeguards agreement with the IAEA in 1975. Inspectors have visited our sites regularly ever since, and we have always cooperated fully. Still, long borders and years of unrest make us vulnerable. In 2015 we opened a Nuclear Security Support Centre in Khartoum with IAEA assistance, giving our customs officers and police new skills to detect illicit shipments. The centre has helped, but the 147 incidents of unauthorized use reported by the IAEA in 2024 show that no country can rest easy. We welcome the current Nuclear Security Plan for 2022 to 2025 and want the next plan, covering 2026 to 2029, to tackle the dangers we see every day. Cyber threats worry us most. The Stuxnet attack in 2011 proved that a single virus can cripple critical systems, and our own infrastructure remains fragile. We ask the IAEA to offer more practical training in cybersecurity for operators in developing states and to keep updating the Nuclear Security Series with clear, affordable steps we can take. We support the Agency's guidance on uncrewed vehicles and call for similar work on insider threats. Too many member states are falling short of the amended Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material. By late 2023 only 78 out of 135 parties had shared their legal frameworks with the IAEA. We urge the Agency to expand peer reviews through the International Nuclear Security Advisory Service and to channel more resources from the voluntary Nuclear Security Fund to nations in need. Closer links with the African Commission on Nuclear Energy would help set common standards across the continent and give real force to Security Council Resolution 1540. Nuclear security must rest on trust and shared effort if we are to keep these materials out of reach of terrorists.

Committee:	IAEA
Topic:	Strengthening the Agency's activities related to nuclear science, technology and applications
Paper text:
When wells run dry and hospitals turn patients away, nuclear science offers hope that politics alone cannot provide. IAEA isotope experts helped us map groundwater in Darfur years ago, and today those maps guide farmers to water that sustains entire villages. With Agency support we bred drought-tolerant sorghum now growing on 15,000 hectares, feeding families who once faced empty fields. Cancer strikes over 40,000 of our people each year, but only a few radiotherapy machines function. The Rays of Hope programme named two of our hospitals as regional training centres, a small improvement that allows us to treat those in need domestically. These gains come from Article IV of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), yet many developing countries still wait for their share. The Technical Cooperation Programme has funded our projects in soil mapping, animal health, and emergency response. We aslo value the Peaceful Uses Initiative, which lets the IAEA act quickly when disaster strikes. The ZODIAC project gave us tools to track diseases during the pandemic, and NUTEC Plastics shows how radiation can turn waste into useful products. Still, demand grows faster than resources. The Medium-Term Strategy for 2024 to 2029 rightly calls for deeper ties with the Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Health Organization. We stand ready to host South-South workshops, sharing what we have learned from our own Collaborating Centre efforts with neighbours who face the same challenges. Rapid change brings new risks. A minor leak in weak infrastructure could undo years of progress. We look to the lessons of Chernobyl and the 1994 Convention on Nuclear Safety, asking the IAEA to supply affordable emergency kits and joint procurement for isotopes and spare parts. The IAEA must balance innovation with caution, ensuring that technology transfer reaches those who need it most and turns promise into lasting development.

Committee:	ESCWA
Topic:	War on Gaza: tenets and essential elements for sustainable recovery
Paper text:
The topic of the war on Gaza has resulted in mass destruction, economic collapse of Palestine, and major international unrest. The recognized Sudanese administration, the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), disagrees with the prevailing opinion of the public of supporting the recovery for Palestine. While Sudan recognizes the challenges faced by millions in Gaza, it also draws attention to its own domestic economic and social hardships, particularly the ongoing civil war. Therefore, we undeniably assert the importance of establishing emergent, concerted, and coordinated measures followed by subregional cooperation to advocate for the support of the Palestinian people in the ongoing war. The history of Sudan has been the object of a prolonged war for decades; thus, we express our compassion and solidarity with the Palestinian cause. This conflict has impacted the lives of millions of people, causing deaths, famine, immeasurable infrastructure damage, and resulting in a major humanitarian, economic, and social crisis. Therefore, we call for the necessity of sustainable recovery, beginning with an immediate ceasefire and the end of the continuous attacks on the Palestinian territory, the establishment of safe passages for humanitarian aid to guarantee secure evacuation and assistance to individuals affected by the conflict. The people of the Republic of Sudan insist that the Economic and Social Commission of Western Asia take urgent action in the development of a strategic and systematic plan for the immediate restoration of Gaza’s infrastructure. Prioritizing the adjustment of all of the necessary utilities for living, rebuilding of houses, restoration of public institutions, and the foundation of a solution for the restoration and growth of the Palestinian economy through an open invitation of support from outside organizations, and the revitalization of Gaza’s agricultural economy. Thereupon, the delegates of Sudan reaffirm their support for alignment with the Palestinian people, advocating for immediate action taken to provide a sustainable recovery in Gaza.

Committee:	ESCWA
Topic:	Economic governance: market competition challenges in the Arab Region
Paper text:
On the topic of economic governance and market competition challenges in the Arab Region is of high interest to the Republic of Sudan. We understand the importance of addressing the current issues and how impactful changes will be for the entire Arab Region. This region faces numerous obstacles across many different sectors, such as government instability, a weak consumer base, a lack of internal competition within the region, and an ever-looming presence of power from internal state-owned groups. Our government has also faced the challenges that a civil war brings upon a republic. Our civil war has weakened the Sudanese economy and has come at the cost of weakening our overall economic potential. Improving the current market challenges the Arab Region faces will lead to numerous positive byproducts and, most importantly, the overall strengthening and refinement of the entire region’s economic governance on a global scale. With past resolutions in effect, continuing to monitor and examine their outcomes with the existing economic frameworks can show areas that need improvement. Also, improving the practices of enforcement of existing frameworks will help demonstrate the importance of such tools to other countries in the region. Revisiting failed frameworks and understanding the local customs will allow for a better understanding of how ESCWA can improve aid to the region. In addition, ensuring that government corruption and instability lessen in severity will help foster trust in the region’s economy. Pushing for the changes to existing policies that give state-owned enterprises many benefits will help gain trust from outside enterprises. These SOEs tend to receive more government tax breaks, aid, and support, despite their heavy burden on the region’s overall economic potential to grow. Gathering additional support from boosting private enterprises within the region will also help even the balance against state-owned enterprises. Even small improvements, such as educating the local consumer base about their government's policies or ways to create or grow their own businesses, the Arab Region's overall economy will foster the desperately needed growth and ease the current market challenges. Despite all the hardships the Arab Region faces, the delegation of Sudan remains equanimous in the face of such adversity.

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