Position paper for Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia
| Country: | Algeria |
| Topic: | War on Gaza: tenets and essential elements for sustainable recovery |
| Paper text: | |
| The Peopleâs Democratic Republic of Algeria welcomes the ceasefire and stresses that recovery depends on strict compliance, immediate restoration and scaling of humanitarian access, and credible monitoring. Algeria grounds its proposals in United Nations frameworks: General Assembly resolution A/RES/ES-10/22 on protection of civilians and humanitarian access, and resolution A/RES/77/247 requesting an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice that clarifies legal obligations relevant to recovery and governance. Algeria also aligns with ESCWAâs guidance on Gaza recovery that centers Palestinian led assessments, service restoration, and governance owned by Palestinian institutions. Operationally, Algeria supports a Gaza Reconstruction Trust Mechanism under United Nations leadership that empowers Palestinian ministries and municipalities and sequences lifesaving priorities: rubble clearance, rehabilitation of hospitals and clinics, restoration of power and water systems with assured fuel for critical facilities, and transparent fast track procurement for essential inputs. Crossings should be fully opened for humanitarian cargo under clear inspection protocols. To ensure implementation, Algeria proposes a joint monitoring cell led by OCHA, WHO, and UNRWA with participation of Palestinian authorities to verify ceasefire adherence, deconflict humanitarian operations, and publish daily indicators on crossings, aid volumes, fuel availability, and the functionality of health and WASH services. Algeria links recovery to the 2030 Agenda: Goal 16 on peace, justice, and strong institutions for Palestinian led governance, and Goal 9 on resilient infrastructure for utilities and essential services. Algeria further acknowledges ESCWA priorities of social inclusion, environmental sustainability, and regional cooperation as guiding principles so that reconstruction advances a durable, rights-based recovery rather than only physical rebuilding. | |
| Country: | Algeria |
| Topic: | Economic governance: market competition challenges in the Arab Region |
| Paper text: | |
| The Peopleâs Democratic Republic of Algeria concurs with ESCWAâs assessment that weak competition enforcement, concentrated network sectors, and large informal markets impede diversification and productivity across Western Asia. Algeria grounds its proposals in ESCWA policy work on market competition and governance and in the regionâs Vision-2030 agenda that links private-sector development to inclusive growth. Algeria supports an ESCWA-coordinated package in three parts. First, a Regional Competition Readiness Scorecard that benchmarks authority capacity, merger-review timelines, investigative tools, and competitive neutrality toward state-owned enterprises; this aligns with ESCWAâs ongoing work to build data-driven monitoring dashboards for market competition. Second, Competitive Neutrality Guidelines tailored to telecommunications, transport, finance, and energy to balance public mandates with a level playing field, drawing on ESCWA analyses of market-structure challenges and enforcement gaps. Third, a GAFTA-Plus digital trade facilitation pilot in a narrow set of services and logistics, coupled with simplified procedures and mutual recognition in selected disciplines, building on ESCWAâs regional programme on digital and sustainable trade facilitation and measurement of international digital trade. To reduce information asymmetries and support peer learning, Algeria backs expanding the Arab Legislations Portal as the single window for competition, consumer-protection, and investment statutes and assessments across the region. Finally, Algeria links this agenda to the 2030 Agenda: Goal 8 on decent work and productive employment through a more contestable business environment, and Goal 9 on resilient infrastructure and innovation via pro-competition sector reforms and interoperable digital trade systems, consistent with ESCWAâs Arab Horizon 2030 vision. | |
| Country: | Djibouti |
| Topic: | War on Gaza: tenets and essential elements for sustainable recovery |
| Paper text: | |
| Since the exacerbated outbreak of the conflict in Gaza on October 7th, 2023, the sustainable recovery of its aftermath has been a matter of great concern. As a result of Israelâs occupation of Gaza, acknowledged by the United Nations General Assembly and Security Council adoption of S/RES/2334 in 2016, the conflict in Gaza has severe damage to civilians, the environment, and the global economy. Djibouti is committed to the recovery of Gaza and all Palestinian lands, first by enforcing the Security Council past decisions S/RES/2334, S/2023/772 and A/C.4/74/L.11. Certain obstacles, most notably the on-going progression of Israeli military forces according to the Human Rights Council A/HRC/60/CRP.3, must conclude, to begin the long journey of sustainable recovery. The environmental impact of the apartheid state of Israelâs bombardment must also be considered in recovery. The land, water, soil, air and natural ecosystem of Gaza, as recognized by UNEP report EO/2652/NA, must be repaired. Djibouti is committed to restoring the environmental degradation that has been forced upon Gaza. The rebuilding of critical infrastructure, including schools, hospitals, religious sites, and homes, is imperative for a sustainable recovery. The delegation of Djibouti encourages all other nations to call for the support of this goal. | |
| Country: | Djibouti |
| Topic: | Economic governance: market competition challenges in the Arab Region |
| Paper text: | |
| The global market has been a focal point of the delegation of Djiboutiâs economy for the past several years. The United Nations has designed the Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework for 2025-2030, alongside the delegation of Djibouti. Djibouti is determined to continue the efforts of making the global markets prosper in the Arab Region. The delegation of Djibouti suggests focusing on jobs tied to the new era of digital transformation, supported by the UN Development Programmeâs âRising Djiboutiâ initiative. This initiative has trained young women in digital literacy and prepared them for jobs. Certain obstacles - limited access to real-time data, capacity constraints within regulatory bodies, and difficulty conducting comprehensive competition assessments - have been exposed and must be tackled by the whole Arab Region. First, ensuring food, job, environmental and education security. Djibouti has worked with UNICEF to construct and rehabilitate dozens of water basins and wells along with improving the irrigation system. Secondly, private sectors want to become more competitive within the global market. Within the next ten years, our goal is to eradicate poverty. ESCWA, E/CL3.SEP/2025/TP., created a 5-year plan to enhance competition monitoring, create a metric for market analysis, encourage flexibility and customization and strengthen the market monitoring and data access. Djibouti urges other nations to create similar goals and partnerships to make the global market, as a whole, continue to prosper. | |
| Country: | Egypt |
| Topic: | War on Gaza: tenets and essential elements for sustainable recovery |
| Paper text: | |
| The issue at stake is the right of the Palestinian people to exist, and we plead for the
international community to recognize this right. We applaud the many countries that have
recently recognized the Palestinian state. We believe that the international community can,
and must work together to end this conflict and prevent as much human suffering as
possible. We applaud the valiant, life-preserving, role that the UNRWA is playing and call
upon the world to support them. Without them, the magnitude of suffering occurring in
Gaza would truly be unfathomable. We believe in President Trump's vision for peace in the
region and believe the plan that we presented and had unanimously approved by our fellow
members of the Arab League should be the road map for building a brighter future in the
Middle East in which people of all nationalities and religions are able to live in peaceful
harmony and beneficial coexistence.
We call on all nations to facilitate the end of repeated violations of international sovereignty. Egypt has and will continue to be a force for stability and a proponent for recognition of International law in the Middle East. While Israel seeks to use its military advantage over the Palestinian people to violate their territorial sovereignty and propagate a genocide of unfathomable proportions. Egypt remains committed to working towards unifying resolutions that will end this genocide and enable the recognition of the basic human rights of the Palestinian people. We also believe the principle of territorial sovereignty must be respected as Syria, Lebanon, and Qatar have all had their sovereignty violated. In addition to supporting international law, Egypt continues to be a torchbearer for human rights in the region. Egypt currently hosts more than ten million refugees and ensures that these people are respected and their human rights remain intact while on Egyptian soil. | |
| Country: | Egypt |
| Topic: | Economic governance: market competition challenges in the Arab Region |
| Paper text: | |
| Climate change is increasingly threatening many Egyptians. As desertification ravages many
Egyptian farms and new dams are built on the Nile, thus restricting the amount of water that
Egypt receives, the climate crisis is felt heavily in Egypt. The international community must
work together to ensure fair access to the Nile River by all nations along the river. In
addition, for Egypt to develop economically, it must pursue industrialization and establish
new industries to support its growing population. This places Egypt in a precarious spot, as it
seeks to work with the global community to lower carbon emissions while also developing its
economy. Egypt was unable to forsake the climate for the sake of industrialization, as many
countries were and thus is at a disadvantage similar to many other ESCWA nations. Thus, we
propose an increase of grants and loans by the countries that historically disproportionately
contributed to the climate crisis so that Egypt and many other of the ESCWA region can
attain some semblance of economic equity on the international stage.
On the regional level, Egypt recognizes the vast natural resources that ESCWA nations hold; in fact, roughly half of all the available oil reserves in the world are in ESCWA nations. This resource must be utilized properly in order to ensure the economic stability of ESCWA countries in the future as renewable energy sources become increasingly utilized. We believe that increased cooperation between ESCWA state in education, technology, and trade is critical to the success of the region. As the crossroads of the world must remain united and work together to build a prosperous region that benefits all nations. This can be done by creating an environment where trade can flourish and pirates and other rogue militias do not inhibit global trade, especially in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. | |
| Country: | Iraq |
| Topic: | War on Gaza: tenets and essential elements for sustainable recovery |
| Paper text: | |
| The Republic of Iraq stands with the Palestinian people and stresses the urgent need for aiding Palestinians in the ongoing humanitarian crisis. The Republic of Iraq calls upon Qatar to lead humanitarian efforts among Arab nations and work directly with the Organization of Islamic Cooperation to establish relief and recovery efforts. These efforts should focus on creating a clear and strong economic plan that secures humanitarian assistance and supports reconstruction efforts in Gaza. As of early 2025, over 1.9 million Palestinians in Gaza have been displaced, which makes up nearly 85% percent of the Gaza Stripâs population. Critical infrastructure including schools, hospitals, and water facilities has been systematically destroyed as well. The Republic of Iraq calls upon the UN to guarantee consistent humanitarian resources, rebuild essential services, and address the root causes of the conflict, so that sustainable recovery is possible in Gaza. Additionally, the Republic of Iraq maintains that recovery and peace cannot be separated, as the region requires a political solution that both ends the occupation and at the same time secures rights for the Palestinian people. The Republic of Iraq also believes the UN must hold international law violators accountable in order to build trust and stability while the region recovers. This understanding that peace and reconstruction must be intertwined comes from the Republic of Iraqâs own experience with conflict. Continuing efforts should focus on restoring essential services and enforcing international humanitarian laws. The Republic of Iraq reiterates its firm support of the Palestinian people's right to self-determination, economic independence, and statehood with East Jerusalem as its capital based on the pre-1967 borders noted in UN Security Council Resolution 242. The international community must work together to support lasting recovery and the fulfillment of the Palestinian people's right to sovereignty. | |
| Country: | Iraq |
| Topic: | Economic governance: market competition challenges in the Arab Region |
| Paper text: | |
| The Republic of Iraq acknowledges that sustainable development in the Arab Region is hindered by weak market competition and poor economic governance. Our economy is rich in natural resources but is heavily dependent on oil revenues, with oil revenues accounting for over 85 percent of government income and over 99 percent of exports. This overreliance and limited regulatory enforcement has placed economic power in the hands of few leading to small and medium enterprises struggling to even enter markets and compete fairly. The Arab Monetary Fund notes that the region consistently scores below global averages on competitiveness indicators, specifically in the institutional quality and business environment. The Republic of Iraq believes that addressing these obstacles requires the Arab regionâs practical cooperation in several key areas. The Republic of Iraq has full confidence that reducing excessive, unnecessary rules and improving the business registration processes while empowering competition and regulation laws would unlock economic growth. This would additionally address the high unemployment rates plaguing the youth population in the Arab region. The Republic of Iraq has begun enforcing reforms under our National Development Plan, including updates to competition legislation and reducing the complexity of licensing procedures where possible. The Republic of Iraq is welcoming of private investment and reinforced security for the region backed and supported by the United Nations, The Republic of Iraq understands that lasting progress demands shared understanding and technical support from our international partners and Arab neighbors. Supporting individual investment and encouraging innovators to invest in the region is crucial to sustaining these reform developments. The Republic of Iraq is calling upon fellow nations in the Arab region to create meaningful employment opportunities with tools for policy coordination, reduce collective dependence, and build more dynamic and equitable economies for the future of the region. | |
| Country: | Jordan |
| Topic: | War on Gaza: tenets and essential elements for sustainable recovery |
| Paper text: | |
| Jordan calls for an immediate and permanent ceasefire in Gaza. Any attempt to displace
Palestinians into Jordan or Egypt is a direct threat to Jordan's national security and is viewed
as an act of war. We will not allow a new Nakba under any guise. As already asserted in
Article 9 of the 1994 Jordan-Israel peace treaty, Jerusalem's Islamic holy sites status quo
must hold. We will oppose any unilateral changes, provocations on Al-Aqsa, or erosion of
Waqf authority. We have so far pressed in every capital for a permanent ceasefire and a
credible two-state pathway, and will continue to advocate for this. Irrevocably, UNRWA
(United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees) must continue to operate
at scale. Jordan is home to roughly 41% of UNRWA-registered Palestinian refugees, making it
the largest of all participating countries. UNRWA currently operates 169 schools, educating
over 119,000 students, and 25 primary healthcare clinics. No serious recovery plan can
sideline this infrastructure.
Furthermore, Jordan emphasizes our wishes to continue a positive trade relationship with the nation of Israel. Peace in the Gaza region brings invaluable economic stability to the Hashemite Kingdom. We propose that a future exists with a sovereign and viable Palestinian state coexisting with a secure Israel. The future Palestinian state should be independent and fully sovereign, based on the borders prior to the six day war, with East Jerusalem as its capital. Additionally, the Hashemite Kingdom is willing to continue providing humanitarian, economic, and diplomatic support for Palestinians, as long as a diplomatic resolution is put in place. Finally, any final status agreement must address key issues, such as borders, Jerusalem, and refugees, in a manner that respects Jordan's national interests. | |
| Country: | Jordan |
| Topic: | Economic governance: market competition challenges in the Arab Region |
| Paper text: | |
| From an economic standpoint, Jordan's stability remains intact, having expanded by 2.7
percent in Q1 2025. Jordan has taken the proper initiatives to ensure commercial
transparency and reforms, facilitating fair market conditions. The Ministry of Industry and
Trade reports a 26 percent decrease in commercial violations, indicating a decline in illegal
activity. However, the economy remains vulnerable to financial insecurity due to inadequate
enforcement of competition laws across regional borders. We believe that regional
cooperation is crucial for the market to diversify and strengthen. A key aspect of regional
cooperation would include monitoring market competition, with measures aggressively
commencing this past quarter. Jordan also recognizes that a legal framework is essential to
guarantee that market efforts align with rules and regulations.
Jordan is largely contingent on foreign exports and investment to strengthen the countryâs private and public sectors. That said, the wartime activities have led to a decline in the quality of services, production, and growth rates. These factors have created a repulsive investment environment and precarious conditions for Jordanâs principal industries. Jordan contends that the UNDP and UNCTAD enable investment and regional cooperation initiatives that attract sustainable financing and private sector participation. Assistance can also extend to conducting impact assessments of humanitarian aid on markets to ensure that relief efforts stimulate competition. | |
| Country: | Libya |
| Topic: | War on Gaza: tenets and essential elements for sustainable recovery |
| Paper text: | |
| The Delegation of Libya recognizes the severe humanitarian, social, and economic impacts of the conflict in Gaza. Families face displacement, destruction of homes, and limited access to food, water, healthcare, and education. Libya believes that sustainable recovery must address immediate needs while building long-term stability, resilience, and development. Libya supports the protection of civilians and human rights, and the importance of international law in recovery efforts. The Delegation acknowledges the work of UN agencies such as UNRWA, OCHA, and the World Bank, as well as the Arab League, in providing aid, rebuilding infrastructure, and supporting communities. The Delegation of Libya believes recovery should focus on four key elements: first, provide immediate humanitarian aid including food, medicine, and shelter; second, rebuild essential infrastructure such as hospitals, schools, and water systems; third, promote economic recovery through job creation, support for small businesses, and vocational training; fourth, ensure inclusive governance and community participation so recovery reflects the needs of all residents, including women and youth. Libya calls on the international community to coordinate aid, avoid politicizing support, and work closely with local authorities. The Delegation believes that combining immediate relief with long-term development programs will help Gaza recover sustainably, protect human dignity, and promote regional stability. The Delegation of Libya stands ready to work with all Member States to support a fair, inclusive, and effective recovery for Gaza, emphasizing cooperation, accountability, and shared responsibility. | |
| Country: | Libya |
| Topic: | Economic governance: market competition challenges in the Arab Region |
| Paper text: | |
| The Delegation of Libya recognizes that a strong and stable economy is essential for Libya and the Arab region. Years of political instability and institutional fragmentation have left Libyaâs economy limited and dependent on natural resources, particularly oil, while state monopolies restrict competition. These challenges affect entrepreneurs, small business owners, youth, women, and urban centers such as Tripoli and Benghazi. They also impact neighboring countries by limiting regional trade and investment. As Libya seeks stability, our delegation aims to rebuild an economy that encourages fair market competition and sustainable growth. The United Nations has emphasized the importance of economic diversification and market competition through ESCWA reports, including the 2025 âAssessing and Improving the Entrepreneurship Enabling Environment in the Arab Region.â Libya has benefited from UNDP support for SMEs and UN-affiliated programs through the ILO, which strengthened labor standards and workersâ rights. These initiatives have helped Libya begin developing a competitive economic environment. The Delegation of Libya believes that fair market economies, institutional reforms, and regional cooperation are vital for growth. Libya supports limiting the economic power of state monopolies and promoting SMEs, especially those led by youth and women. Diversifying the economy beyond oil and gas is critical, and Libya encourages regional policies that facilitate cross-border investment, innovation, and inclusive participation. Libya proposes three key measures: first, establish collaborative initiatives among Arab states via ESCWA to coordinate cohesive economic policies; second, support SMEs through training programs, capital access, and incentives for youth- and women-led enterprises; third, invest in sectors like technology and manufacturing to reduce reliance on natural resources, while promoting research, innovation, and long-term economic stability. The Delegation of Libya believes these proposals integrate international cooperation, foster competition, and diversify economies. By strengthening SMEs, encouraging inclusive participation, and promoting regional coordination, Libya aims to support sustainable and equitable economic growth across the Arab region. | |
| Country: | Morocco |
| Topic: | War on Gaza: tenets and essential elements for sustainable recovery |
| Paper text: | |
| Since the escalation of Israel-Palestine relations on October 7th, 2023, the Israeli military campaign against the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) has killed over 66,000 Palestinians, wounded over 169,000, and displaced an estimated 1.9 million people within the Gaza Strip. The current devastation underscores that the December 2023 resolution E/ESCWA/31/9 has been insufficient in mitigating the consequences of Israelâs violence in Gaza and its continued subjugation of Palestinian sovereignty. Field research by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in E/ESCWA/UNDP/2024/Policy brief.2 emphasizes that, beyond civilian casualties and mass displacement, conditions in Gaza, such as widespread destruction, severe food insecurity, and the collapse of infrastructure in education, healthcare, and social services, have only further escalated and are at a âcatastrophic level.â In acknowledgement of these conditions, Morocco has consistently supported calls for a ceasefire and international mobilization for humanitarian aid in Gaza. We maintain a 100% UN voting record in condemnation of Israelâs violence in the area across 171 resolutions. The Moroccan monarch, King Mohammed VI, is the chair of the Al-Quds Committee, which has existed since 1975 to address human rights issues in Palestine caused by the Israel-Palestine conflict, independently of the United Nations (UN). As the championing country in this committee and a theological ally with Palestine, we recognize Israelâs actions in Gaza as a genocidal campaign against Palestinians and believe in a two- state solution where Palestine maintains sovereignty over territories it has occupied since 1967 and where East Jerusalem is recognized as the capital. In alignment with this goal, we sustain engagement with Hamas and recognize Hamas officials as representatives for Palestine. However, Morocco continues to value the economic alliance with the state of Israel that has existed since the 2020 Tripartite Declaration, where we agreed to promote and defend âdynamic and innovative economic bilateral cooperationâ between Morocco, Israel, and the United States. Recognizing the dire situation that the War on Gaza has created for Palestinians, as well as the economic partnership that Morocco, as well as many other UN member states, has with Israel, we believe that further deliberations on efforts for recovery in the Gaza region must not threaten current trade relationships with Israel or destabilize Israelâs economic strength. With a ceasefire as the foundation, Morocco suggests to fellow member states that plans for sustainable recovery in Gaza must focus on preventing Israelâs annexation of the Gaza territory and on creating measurable plans in collaboration with Hamas to rebuild fallen infrastructure sectors to ensure Palestine can both recover from the war and effectively exercise its sovereignty. | |
| Country: | Morocco |
| Topic: | Economic governance: market competition challenges in the Arab Region |
| Paper text: | |
| Our government recognizes that the dominance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) is one of the United Nationsâ (UN) primary concerns in the Arab Region. United Nations Economic and Social Council (ESCWA) findings in E/ESCWA/31/6 demonstrate that shortcomings in our competition law practices are impediments to both international market cooperation and to the effectiveness of Moroccoâs domestic economic policy. Morocco is a proud signatory of the 1997 Greater Arab Free Trade Agreement (GAFTA), which allowed for the elimination of regional tariffs and expansion of our trade within the Arab Region. In recognition of the necessity for economic reform following the adoption of GAFTA, Morocco independently implemented several reforms on the governance of SOEs, such as the implementation of Act 69-00 that created the Department of Public Enterprises and Privatization (DPED) to run the management and regulation of SOEs. Since 2011, we have also mandated that SOEs disclose their corporate activity, and we have new processes for reports to be audited by the Moroccan Court of Accounts to ensure SOE honesty and compliance with Moroccan and international law. In 2014, we established the Moroccan Competition Council to facilitate an economy that encourages competition and inhibits the growth of monopolies in Morocco. These changes have increased global investment, reduced corruption within SEO structures, and increased overall efficiency and revenue in the Moroccan economy. With this in mind, Morocco remains receptive to ESCWA proposals and deliberations to address shortcomings that persist across the Arab Region, and to expand global investment in Moroccan enterprises. However, we remain committed to the tenets of Sharia Law in the development of our economic practices, including the right of corporations to exist as entities to benefit society, anti-interest policies, corporate leadersâ obligation to honest operations and transactions, and the individualâs economic right to self-regulation without excessive government interference. Sharia law remains the foundation for all Moroccan policies that have improved the economic and social prosperity of our kingdom. Reform proposals must be Sharia-compliant for us to look favorably upon them, and Morocco advocates for the expansion of Sharia Law economic practices regionally as a method to address market competition challenges. | |
| Country: | Qatar |
| Topic: | War on Gaza: tenets and essential elements for sustainable recovery |
| Paper text: | |
| The State of Qatar would like to reaffirm its great concern over the humanitarian and infrastructure destruction experienced by the Palestinian people during the war on Gaza. This delegation reaffirms its full support of a UN-led and rights based recovery process that focuses on humanitarian relief and uplifting the Palestinian people, as the UN has recognized Gaza as part of the occupied Palestinian territories, and so there must be an effort made to uphold international law and the principles of human rights and sovereignty. Since 2023 Qatar has given the Palestinian people aid worth over $31 million benefitting 2.7 million people, a principal donor that prioritizes civilian protection, and restoring essential services like food and water. The delegation welcomes Security Council engagement, such as UNSC Resolution 2735, which works on a phased ceasefire and a multi-year reconstruction plan, and the General Assemblyâs resolutions on assistance to the Palestinian people. Qatar would like to recognize those delegates concerned over how aid might be given to armed forces such as Hamas, as well as objections from those that hope to normalize or legitimize the Israeli occupation of Gaza as legitimate concerns. Qatar ensures these concerns are being actively addressed through UN cooperation. The State of Qatar proposes a reconstruction fund backed by the UN, that has strict fiduciary safeguards, community oversight, and distribution through UN agencies, with transparent access to reports as to where the aid is going to. This ensures that aid and support does not go to those armed, rather to the Palestinian people who have been affected most during this time. Amongst the uncertainty between parties, Qatar urges the United Nations to take immediate steps to lay the groundwork for successful reconstruction which includes; unimpeded humanitarian access, preservation and documentation of damage for planning and accountability, emergency repairs to water, power and health infrastructure, and cash-for-work programs to restore livelihoods and ensure those who have lost everything are able to rebuild their lives. The State of Qatar is focused on working with the UNRWA as well as any delegation willing to sponsor and support resolutions that establish a clear reconstruction plan. This delegation would like to call forward states that respect humanitarian law to support a plan that fights for the dignity, rights, and protection of the Palestinian people. | |
| Country: | Qatar |
| Topic: | Economic governance: market competition challenges in the Arab Region |
| Paper text: | |
| The State of Qatar reaffirms the importance of competition and anti-corruption legislation
for
economic growth, reducing poverty, and increasing living standards in Arab states. In less
developed
economies, especially prevalent in Mashreq and LDC states, the legislative framework for
economic
development is underdeveloped, competition authorities are weak, non-existent, or
dependent on state
governments, and anti-corruption legislation is poorly enforced. Furthermore, across the
Arab world,
state-owned enterprises, monopolies, and oligopolies create high barriers for entry for small
and medium
enterprises, the unregulated informal sector makes up 54.5 percent of the regionâs
economyâabove the
global averageâ, loopholes exist or economic sectors are excluded from anti-competitive
legislation to
continue anti-competitive practices, and a lack of cooperation with regional and foreign
competitive bodies
stunt competitive reforms. States with the weakest competition and related legislation suffer
from lower
living standards and less economic growth, such as Lebanon at a poverty rate of 44% in 2024
and a
-0.8% change in GDP growth in 2023 and Iraq with a poverty rate of 17.5% and a change of
-1.5% in
GDP growth in 2023.
For decades, the State of Qatar has introduced competitive and anti-corruption legislation to
promote economic growth domestically. In 2007, through legislative Decree No. 71 of 2007,
Qatar
incorporated the United Nations Convention against Corruption into law. For promoting
public
procurement, Qatar passed the following laws to define corruption and the bodies
responsible for
enforcing anti-corruption: Civil Service Law No. 1 of 2001, Qatari Penal Code of 2004, Public
Procurement Law No. 26 of 2005, and Emiri Decree No. 84 of 2007. In the definition and effectiveness of the rule of law, regulatory quality of the national market, control of corruption, and Corruption Perceptions Index, Qatar was the second most effective in the Arab region in 2019 and 2020 respectively. In 2019, Qatar had the second largest market dominance in the Arab world due to its high market diversity and low barriers of entry. Qatar has some of the most concise and streamlined competition laws that reflect international criteria. This legislation has steadily improved economic performance. This delegation proposes a UN-sanctioned initiative that streamlines regional cooperation for promoting economic development and legislation. This cooperation can allow Arab state representatives the opportunity to exchange ideas to implement anti-corruption and pro-competitive legislation in respective Arab states with dialogue about the domestic conditions that may hinder development. This initiative can promote financial investment between Arab states which can alleviate domestic issues that may hamper development. This delegation calls for Arab state delegates to support this proposal so all Arab states can stimulate economic growth and reduce poverty effectively and altruistically. | |
| Country: | Saudi Arabia |
| Topic: | War on Gaza: tenets and essential elements for sustainable recovery |
| Paper text: | |
| The Gaza War has been ongoing since October 7, 2023, as an extension of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict that reaches back to the end of the 19th century. This war has shaken the Middle East, taken over 67,000 Palestinians' lives, and caused tens of billions of dollars in economic damage. Saudi Arabia has openly condemned Israel for genocide and sympathized with Palestine since the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. Saudi Arabia supports a two-state solution with realistic steps to achieve it. On 12 December 2023, the United Nations drafted a resolution, ES-10/22, calling for an immediate ceasefire and release of the hostages. Saudi Arabia was one of the countries to sponsor the resolution and sought alignment with the Arab Peace Initiative. The ES-10/22 resolution and resolutions like it have had limited success or failed, but still offer the framework of a way forward. The UN must assist--not lead-- with representatives of Palestine to establish a transitional government, as regional conflict requires a regional solution to avoid the pitfalls of colonialism. Saudi Arabia proposes to use the United Nations Capital Development Fund to bring in Angel investment networks. Before the war, Gaza was a high-tech sector supplying jobs for over 1000 Palestinians. If foreign direct investments were to return to Gaza, supported by angel networks, jobs would be returned, and the economy would rise, giving Gaza an independent boost. That being said, concerns of colonialism may come up with foreign investors. In order to prevent this, diversifying partners and five-year commitments would discourage and block colonialism from happening. A UN committee devoted to overseeing the foreign/angel investors would be helpful as well, so that Palestine is in control, backed by the UN. Saudi Arabia will work with Palestine to form a unified regional solution supporting Gaza through this time of reconstruction with support of the UN. | |
| Country: | Saudi Arabia |
| Topic: | Economic governance: market competition challenges in the Arab Region |
| Paper text: | |
| Full of untapped potential, the market in the Arab Region has weathered extreme adversity. However, economic stagnancy still weighs it down due to a hostile environment for competition, where companies and statecraft are bound together in Strong State Owned Enterprises (SOE). Furthermore, citizens of Arabic states are minorities within the workforce, with nationals avoiding the private sector. Little resources are provided to them to start SMEs, and women--especially rural ones--are disproportionately disadvantaged in their entrepreneurship pursuits. Helpful precedents have been set for these issues, manifesting in the Arab Competition Forum (ACF), Saudi-led Arab Competition Network (ACN), and the eTrade for Women Initiative. However, it is not sufficient; the ACF and ACN have limited purview, and the eTrade for Woman Initiative is not currently implemented on a large scale. However, Saudi Arabia emphasizes that there is promise in a sector that has been ignored. The ability for women to not only educate themselves financially and technologically, but start grassroots SMEs has been a major initiative in Vision 2030. Economic diversification through the SRAD and SDAIA programmes has bore fruit, empowering women in STEM, AI and agri- preneurship. In order to tackle SOEs, foundational strengthening of those who start SMEs is imperative. Educating those on entrepreneurial literacy and subsidizing their efforts is the only way to truly make grassroots change. They need tools, credit, and access to fund startups, and need to utilize emerging technology that is open for everyone to use. Thus, there should be a digital compendium where secrets of trade are unbound, where developing countries-- especially Arabic ones--can access information crucial for economic development. Free exchange of information leads to freer trade. E-commerce helps with economic equity. This all is not a monolith, though. Because the state of Arabic nationsâ needs are different, thus it is important base the needs on said beneficiary. Saudi Arabia would look favorably upon the international community coming together to lend support for equitable information--thus SMEs--to create healthy and sustainable growth in the Arab Region. | |
| Country: | Somalia |
| Topic: | War on Gaza: tenets and essential elements for sustainable recovery |
| Paper text: | |
| The Federal Republic of Somalia strongly believes that the sustainable recovery of the war on Gaza is imperative to the viability of the self-governing occupied territory of the Gaza Strip. The Federal Republic of Somalia became a member of this organization in 2023, thus allowing full access to the resolutions affirming the care that needs to be taken to ensure sustainable recovery in the territory of Gaza. In alignment with Sustainable Development Goal 11, specifically 11.2, 11.3, and 11.5, the delegation of Somalia affirms and reaffirms that finding ways to sustainably develop cities and environments, specifically for women, children, and the disabled, is absolutely fundamental. Furthermore, the Federal Republic of Somalia believes strongly in harnessing technology to promote sustainable goals in the recovery of the territory of Gaza. This is outlined in resolution E/ESCWA/C.8/2022/11, wherein data from the Government Electronic and Mobile Services (GEMS) system was acquired to monitor the progress of technologically-driven sustainable recovery. Similarly to the SDGs, the delegation of Somalia also believes and participates in the United Nation Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) which highlights, supports, and tracks nations in need of sustainable recovery in accordance with the SDGs. The Federal Republic of Somalia also has implemented the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) Framework within their own domestic policy. This works to combat medium and long-term climate change in prioritized nation states. In order to preserve sustainable recovery, the Federal Republic of Somalia recommends implementing further sustainable forms of energy, such as harnessing wind or solar power in order to combat climate change. Furthermore, the delegation affirms its support in meeting sustainable recovery in the territory of Gaza, and looks forward to collaborating with other nation states in order to reaffirm and uphold the principles of environmental awareness within and throughout the international body. | |
| Country: | Somalia |
| Topic: | Economic governance: market competition challenges in the Arab Region |
| Paper text: | |
| The Federal Republic of Somalia is sympathetic to the open and free market challenges within Arab countries. However, this delegation believes strongly in preserving cultural values and protection against the imposition of Western values. This belief stems from the necessity of state sovereignty and the preservation of cultural ideals. This lines up with United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organizationâs (UNESCO) belief that cultural property is the product and witness of cultural traditions and thus must be preserved. This is particularly evident in Eastern countries, as when state sovereignty is jeopardized, it enables Western culture to acquire financial and capitalistic gain over other Member States. Furthermore, the Federal Republic of Somalia further affirms Resolution A/76/214, which highlights the fundamental relationship between sustainable development and preservation of culture. This resolution, which Somalia affirms to be true, also suggests that culture need be taken into consideration when talking about overall consumption. While the delegation of Somalia recognizes the importance of market competition in the Arab Region, they also emphasize the importance of sovereignty and the fundamental maintenance of cultural traditions and practices. This principle is also outlined similarly in A/HRC/RES/49/7, which calls for the protection and representation of cultural heritage, along with the importance in its preservation. The Federation of Somalia recognizes the importance and concept of a free and open mark in the confines of economic government, but also urges culturally-minded nation states to work towards state sovereignty. | |
| Country: | State of Palestine (Observer) |
| Topic: | War on Gaza: tenets and essential elements for sustainable recovery |
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| The War on Gaza remains one of the most politically and morally contentious issues in the international arena, and has only garnered more attention over the past two years. The Palestinian territory of the West Bank, including East Jerusalem have been occupied by the Israeli government since 1967, posing extreme challenges from violence, economic decimation, and persistent humanitarian crisis The long-debated issue of a statehood solution has yet to be fully agreed upon, and more international actors, such as the United States, have become involved in the ceasefire and reconstruction process. The state of Palestine has been at the forefront of the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia for many years. The involvement of Palestinian delegations is crucial to achieving meaningful and sustainable resolutions through collaboration with other UN member states. The ongoing conflict between Israel and Palestine remains politically sensitive, leaving Palestine at odds with pro-Western nations, where a great extent of their foreign policy favors Israel. Despite this, Palestine has been gaining increased support from UN member states as evidenced by the General Assemblyâs December 2024 vote, where over 140 UN delegations supported a resolution condemning the Israeli blockade and calling for international assistance. Strict blockades implemented by the Israeli government have perpetuated the mass starvation of Palestinians; therefore, we strongly urge that humanitarian aid restrictions be lifted immediately in line with international law. The state of Palestine is gravely concerned about the current ceasefire and reconstruction proposal directed by the United States, as there are few provisions to ensure Palestinian-led participation in governance, in addition to uncertainty over sovereignty. Despite the limited formal power at the UN, the state of Palestine stands firmly in engaging in international diplomacy by its advocacy for humanitarian protection and its continuous pursuit of statehood and autonomy. | |
| Country: | State of Palestine (Observer) |
| Topic: | Economic governance: market competition challenges in the Arab Region |
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| The collective Arab region has faced many forms of challenges in past years, ranging from structural challenges in economic development to outright conflict. From the civil war in Syria to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, violence has stunted the economies of the Arab region. The first steps in solving our economic troubles are clearly in ending the numerous conflicts that we suffer from. This involves an adequate peace agreement between Israel and Palestine, an agreement that ensures the stability required to build and maintain economic development. This should also involve the prevalent local violence of Syria, though the civil war may have ended, violence still threatens stability in the country. With the help of this committee and UN groups, such as the Mediation Support Group, we can end our conflicts and ready ourselves to move forward economically. It is clear however, that the Arab region faced economic challenges before our conflicts, prevalent problems being corruption and lack of competition in our markets. Incentivizing local business by lowering the requirements to start a business can increase revenue, economic development and quality of life. In building the foundations of our economies it is clear that cooperation is pivotal for the Arab region. Starting in 2020, ESCWA, in partnership with UNCTAD and OECD, has launched the Annual Arab Competition Forum intending to establish an up-to-date knowledge-sharing platform on economic policies. With this forum we can build the Arab regionâs economy together with mutual cooperation. | |
| Country: | Sudan |
| Topic: | War on Gaza: tenets and essential elements for sustainable recovery |
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| The topic of the war on Gaza has resulted in mass destruction, economic collapse of Palestine, and major international unrest. The recognized Sudanese administration, the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), disagrees with the prevailing opinion of the public of supporting the recovery for Palestine. While Sudan recognizes the challenges faced by millions in Gaza, it also draws attention to its own domestic economic and social hardships, particularly the ongoing civil war. Therefore, we undeniably assert the importance of establishing emergent, concerted, and coordinated measures followed by subregional cooperation to advocate for the support of the Palestinian people in the ongoing war. The history of Sudan has been the object of a prolonged war for decades; thus, we express our compassion and solidarity with the Palestinian cause. This conflict has impacted the lives of millions of people, causing deaths, famine, immeasurable infrastructure damage, and resulting in a major humanitarian, economic, and social crisis. Therefore, we call for the necessity of sustainable recovery, beginning with an immediate ceasefire and the end of the continuous attacks on the Palestinian territory, the establishment of safe passages for humanitarian aid to guarantee secure evacuation and assistance to individuals affected by the conflict. The people of the Republic of Sudan insist that the Economic and Social Commission of Western Asia take urgent action in the development of a strategic and systematic plan for the immediate restoration of Gazaâs infrastructure. Prioritizing the adjustment of all of the necessary utilities for living, rebuilding of houses, restoration of public institutions, and the foundation of a solution for the restoration and growth of the Palestinian economy through an open invitation of support from outside organizations, and the revitalization of Gazaâs agricultural economy. Thereupon, the delegates of Sudan reaffirm their support for alignment with the Palestinian people, advocating for immediate action taken to provide a sustainable recovery in Gaza. | |
| Country: | Sudan |
| Topic: | Economic governance: market competition challenges in the Arab Region |
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| On the topic of economic governance and market competition challenges in the Arab Region is of high interest to the Republic of Sudan. We understand the importance of addressing the current issues and how impactful changes will be for the entire Arab Region. This region faces numerous obstacles across many different sectors, such as government instability, a weak consumer base, a lack of internal competition within the region, and an ever-looming presence of power from internal state-owned groups. Our government has also faced the challenges that a civil war brings upon a republic. Our civil war has weakened the Sudanese economy and has come at the cost of weakening our overall economic potential. Improving the current market challenges the Arab Region faces will lead to numerous positive byproducts and, most importantly, the overall strengthening and refinement of the entire regionâs economic governance on a global scale. With past resolutions in effect, continuing to monitor and examine their outcomes with the existing economic frameworks can show areas that need improvement. Also, improving the practices of enforcement of existing frameworks will help demonstrate the importance of such tools to other countries in the region. Revisiting failed frameworks and understanding the local customs will allow for a better understanding of how ESCWA can improve aid to the region. In addition, ensuring that government corruption and instability lessen in severity will help foster trust in the regionâs economy. Pushing for the changes to existing policies that give state-owned enterprises many benefits will help gain trust from outside enterprises. These SOEs tend to receive more government tax breaks, aid, and support, despite their heavy burden on the regionâs overall economic potential to grow. Gathering additional support from boosting private enterprises within the region will also help even the balance against state-owned enterprises. Even small improvements, such as educating the local consumer base about their government's policies or ways to create or grow their own businesses, the Arab Region's overall economy will foster the desperately needed growth and ease the current market challenges. Despite all the hardships the Arab Region faces, the delegation of Sudan remains equanimous in the face of such adversity. | |
| Country: | Syrian Arab Republic |
| Topic: | War on Gaza: tenets and essential elements for sustainable recovery |
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| A tremendous humanitarian crisis has emerged in the occupied Palestinian territory of the
Gaza Strip. Even as this current ceasefire has emerged, the need for a thorough plan to
reconstruct Gaza and fund this reconstruction remains paramount. Further, Syria calls for
affirmation of the full rights of the Palestinian people. In accordance with this, we affirm
support for a Mandate for Gaza, and believe that the State of Indonesia would be suitable as
the best equipped nation to undertake such an endeavor. We recommend this issue for
further discussion to the Security Council, and suggest that such measures may also be taken
to augment Syriaâs own reconstruction after its brutal civil war.
The Syrian Civil War has left hundreds of thousands dead, and many more displaced, in addition to crippling the Syrian economy. Much of the population now suffers from poverty with many deficiencies preventing the full healing from this calamity. Thus, we call for the international reconstruction effort of Gaza to also be linked to Syria, with emphasis on helping the nation to stabilize and redevelop infrastructure. We invite a UN organized plan for peacekeeping and reconstruction in our territories. Furthermore, we call upon this body to take necessary actions to sanction the State of Israel if continued disruptions to this process, such as expanding their occupation of Syrian territories in the south, goes on. We ask the UN to help facilitate the peace process between the state of Israel and its neighbors to ensure tensions can be reduced and previous wrongs will be righted, including in the Golan Heights. Furthermore we call for an affirmation of the need for Israel to allow all Palestinian refugees to exercise their right of return in accordance with Resolution 194. | |
| Country: | Syrian Arab Republic |
| Topic: | Economic governance: market competition challenges in the Arab Region |
| Paper text: | |
| Syria calls for full respect for Palestinian rights. Sustainable recovery in Gaza depends on
large scale humanitarian aid. Another main concern is infrastructure and public services that
need full reconstruction. Syria suggests that Israel is a and part of funding rebuilding. True
recovery must come with investment to rebuild Gazaâs economy and regional support to link
it to neighboring markets. Syriaâs own recovery is stagnant, and it views Gazaâs future and
Israels support as part of a wider Middle Eastern effort. They Syrian government believe
regional stability depends on mutual recovery.
Syriaâs economy faces deep structural damage; war has destroyed markets and regulating forces. Informal trade has replaced formal markets, and armed groups and war profiteers have gained monopoly like power. Since 2010 the GDP of Syria has fallen by fifty percent. Mass inflation has caused a lot of the informal markets and makes investing challenging. Over two thirds of the population are in poverty, and many are starving. Syriaâs economic recovery must restore trust and fairness. It must rework its regulations to open competition. Barriers for new firms to enter market space need to be removed, which would promote competition and crackdowns in monopolies. These informal monopolies block growth. The government plans to run some companies, along with promises to add independent experts to public boards. Economic recovery will be a result of regulated but free markets. | |
| Country: | United Arab Emirates |
| Topic: | War on Gaza: tenets and essential elements for sustainable recovery |
| Paper text: | |
| Reconstruction planners must balance the risks to reassure skeptical member states that aid
will not empower Hamas while also avoiding signals of legitimizing Israeli control. One way is
to condition reconstruction funds on strict oversights by a reformed, internationally vetted
Palestinian authority or neutral multilateral body rather than channeling resources through
existing local actors associated with Hamas. The UAE underscores that reconstruction cannot
really take place without a clear path to a two state solution, linking the investment to
political clarity and legitimacy. Another step is to separate humanitarian relief, which is
harder to politicize, from infrastructure and governance restoration, requiring a clearer
institutional framework. Ensuring that humanitarian relief in Gaza remains internationally
connected to the new 20 peace plan that President Trump helped negotiate. This would
allow for long term reconstruction and governance support following a coordinated regional
framework, such as one led or supported by the UAE. Donor states can insist on
transparency, audits, and dispute mechanisms. Part of the challenge is understanding who
will oversee this. Israel and its allies worry about Hamaâs role, while Palestinians and their
allies worry about Israeli control. The UAE and other donor states would clear oversight to
ensure aid is delivered fairly and without political influence. Finally, engaging hostile states
directly in oversight would bring Israeli and Arab parties to agree on reconstructive zones
under international trusteeship during reconstruction. This helps reassure states worried
about existing normalization, while enabling a path for rebuilding. Finally, engaging hostile
states directly in oversight and compartmentalization, Israeli and Arab parties could agree on
reconstruction zones under international trusteeship where reconstruction is legally
insulated from sovereignty debates. This helps reassure states worried about existing
normalization while enabling a path for rebuilding.
Even amid conflict, deliberate preparation steps can make postwar reconstruction more viable. This is if provided clear oversight and coordination with relevant authorities. First, collect real time damage and needs assessments via satellites, local networks, and drones where possible to map what must be rebuilt and where. The recognition of these, especially drones, require Israel's approval due to its control of Gaza's airspace. This process will allow for facilitating faster allocation afterward. Second, build registration and property mapping systems, so displaced Gazans' claims to land, homes, and infrastructure can be adjusted fairly later. Third, preserve or reinforce key infrastructures where possible, water, power, and roads, to reduce collapse. Fourth, ensure that aid passage, logistics staging zones, and forward stockpiles are organized now so material and equipment can flow rapidly once ceasefire holds. Fifth, use ceasefire windows to insert temporary governance measures, locally trusted civil councils, municipal actors, or neutral oversight committees that begin organizing services. These developing institutions can evolve into postwar governance mechanisms. Lastly, embed conflict sensitive planning, ensuring reconstruction does not worsen social fault lines or establish military advantage, but rather support inclusive, rights based rebuilding from day one. | |
| Country: | United Arab Emirates |
| Topic: | Economic governance: market competition challenges in the Arab Region |
| Paper text: | |
| The UAE has long been committed to promoting market competitions in the Arab region.
The UAE since the start of the Arab competition forums in 2020 have been a leading
member, with the next meeting being hosted in the capital. Through these meetings and an
increased government reform focus, the UAE has introduced new roles in government, like
the minister of competition. Recently, at the minister's direction, the UAE has introduced new
laws that have increased the power of the jurisdiction to reach all activities affecting UAE
markets, including e-commerce and cross-border operations. This law also limits the
exemptions that government-controlled entities possess other than the entities that play a
vital role in the national economy. The UAE has also planned to make their state-owned
monopolies less vital in the economy by diversifying their markets through increasing the
percentages of non-state-owned enterprises' market values. This includes AI prospects, e-
commerce industries, tourism, and telecommunications.
The UAE advocates that member states form a borderless digital economy. We plan to structure this around the 2031 vision plan. In this plan, one of the main objectives is to increase the percentage of GDP from e-commerce from 9.7% to 19.4% through massive infrastructure investments, AI integration, and cross-border facilitation, especially in the e- commerce space. Growing this industry has also proven to be highly effective in promoting market competition. The UAE proposes that Arab nations further increase market competition, emphasize sustainable development, environmental/energy transition, inclusive employment, and introduce ministers of competition. The UAE proposes to all nations in the arab region to improve their e-commerce industries through modernizing legal framework and regional cooperation leading to further investment to promote more market competition. We also suggest operating free trade zones and further investing in SMEs to integrate the arab region through closer intertwined economies. Overall, the UAE suggests that arab economies keep working to make their nations less reliant on state owned enterprises and work together to make a more economically competitive market together. | |
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