Position Papers by Committee

Position paper for General Assembly Second Committee

Country:Albania
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
Albania is putting plans aggressively on Climate change with national plans and not to mention renewable energy investments. Albania along with most countries is aiming for net-zero emissions in 2050. Albania is moving its energy mix away from hydro power. Albania has now started to enhance energy resilience. Albania has started several large solar developments. This is a significant step toward clean energy and reduce reliance on seasonal hydro power. While the progress was slowed by the 2019 earthquake and the COVID-19 outbreak, Albania is making progress with over two-thirds pf its planned climate measures. This is also backed by global partners and private capital. This is leading Albania to a more sustainable and low- carbon future.
Country:Albania
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
Paper text:
We the Albanian Delegation are committed to upholding climate systems to combat anthropogenic greenhouse gasses that cause Climate change. CO2 emissions cause major impacts to local ecosystems and the Biosphere. We the Albanian delegation recognize the impact of climate change on future generations and the future of our planet. We are committed to combating climate change as it is most likely to impact small countries like Albania even though our country contributes extraordinarily little to Global Greenhouse gasses.
Country:Algeria
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
With the exponential need in global relations and interdependence, Algeria reaffirms the central role of the United Nations in advancing equitable development and sustainable growth for all underdeveloped nations. As globalization has connected the world more than ever before, it has also highlighted the disparities between its uneven distribution. While many nations bask in their glory, others are left behind facing financial inequality, debt dependency, and limited access to sustainable investment. The Delegation of Algeria emphasizes its belief that true global development cannot be fully reached until all nations collaborate in ensuring a brighter global future, one that is equitable, not exclusive. Algeria is making efforts towards an equal vision of globalization through developmental South-South partnerships within the African, and Arab Maghreb Union. These regional partnerships serve as an extension of United Nations built frameworks such as the Addis Ababa Agenda, which Algeria highly endorses as a concrete step towards fair and equal globalization. Furthermore, Algeria commends the previous work the Second Committee has contributed towards promoting development including most notably A/RES/75/223 and A/RES/76/199 which deal with international financing for development, debt relief, and global partnerships. Algeria also stands committed to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDG), highly endorsing its effectiveness in leading all states toward collective progress. In line with these goals, Algeria proposes the expansion of the UN’s South-South cooperation frameworks (UNOSSC) to include a Debt-for-Development exchange system. This expansion would allow developing nations to exchange portions of their multilateral debt by vowing to invest in sustainable developmental projects, such as renewable energy, education, and agriculture. This exchange would operate under the supervision of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in collaboration with the UNOSSC for transparency, measurement of impact, and equity for debtors and creditors. This initiative is aligned with the 2030 Agenda, and would be a step closer to achieving unionized and fair globalized relations. Through collective devotion Algeria envisions a worldly dynamic where economic interdependence is available to all, and not a privilege for a few.
Country:Algeria
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
Paper text:
Algeria recognizes climate change as a serious global problem that affects all environments, the economy, and society, particularly in areas such as the MENA region, where desertification has been an ongoing issue, exacerbated by water scarcity and rising temperatures. As a responsible party member of the international community, Algeria believes that to address climate change, all member states must adopt a sustainable development plan and make pledges to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Algeria endorses the goal of the Paris agreement (2015) alongside the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It has, fortunately, worked nationally to expand renewable energy through the Algerian Solar Plan and has upheld sustainable land and water use. Algeria proposes the General A/RES77/167 (2022) on protecting the global climate for the present and future generations. Algeria calls on members of the Second Committee to improve and commit to cooperation on climate mitigation, provide and share technical and financial support for developing countries, and promote new ideas and innovation in keeping clean and safe energy. Algeria emphasizes the importance of halting deforestation, protecting its fragile ecosystems, and encouraging reforestation campaigns to preserve biodiversity for the benefit of future generations. Algeria asks for international adaptation teamwork, specifically in the MENA region, to fight against desertification and renewable energy collaboration with UNDP and UNEP. Algeria praises the ongoing efforts of international organizations and programs that advocate sustainable growth and climate protection. This includes the support of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, particularly Goal 13, which emphasizes fast action to fight climate change and its negative impact, urging member states to make strong laws and policies, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and improve protection against environmental issues, and remains determined to include environmental safety in national plans, stressing the importance, supporting renewable energy, and contributing to global action to protect the planet for present and future generations.
Country:Argentina
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
I. Limiting UN Interference in Member States’ Economic Sovereignty. - By: Kassidy A. Wahl
As the global economy continues to churn, we see a clear correlation between the domestic economy and state stability. Economic decline, inflation, and debt are straining an increasing number of states. Economic sovereignty is vital to a nation’s ability to govern and develop in an age of economic interdependence. Post-colonial states are now given the chance to close the gap in development and enter the global market as equals. However, these journeys are not without interference, for better or worse. Some may argue it’s the responsibly of the UN to provide aid to underdeveloped states, to promote a more economically stable and socially equal global network. This is often achieved through funding sustainable projects as well as setting guidelines for how its member states should operate their economies. Others, however, may point out that external intervention in directing economic policy will often neglect the unique political, cultural, and economic needs of a state. UN restrictions or mandates weaken the sovereignty of elected governments. Weakening democratic accountability and the ability of a state to address its own issue network, creating dependency and, or, weaker domestic industry. This suppresses the development strategies and independence of underdeveloped states. Argentina takes the stand that true international cooperation is built only on the ideals of individual sovereignty rather than structured oversight. It is Argentina’s opinion that the UN should subside its efforts to enact development guidelines for its member states, as seen in the 2030 Agenda and other initiatives. As we see it, limiting UN interference is not the refusal to cooperate in the free market, but rather the opposite. As we view it as self- enabling our and other states’ right to capitalize on their own resources, experiment with their own policy, as well as restore and grow their economic strength on their own terms. Argentina asks all its fellow members to stand with her and ensure the UN allows the developing world to construct itself without interference.
Country:Argentina
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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II. Independent Approach to Climate Change Prevention. - By: Sarah Akosua Adubea Kissi Debrah
Climate change is an ongoing human emergency that requires the intervention of all states around the globe. Global temperatures have risen by 1.2 degrees Celsius as a result of human activities. The cause of climate change is the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The primary greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide and methane, with the main sectors contributing to these emissions being energy, industry, transport, buildings, agriculture, and land use. Policies and actions have been relevant to reducing climate, and Argentina has supported the initiatives introduced by the United Nations. People’s perspectives are that acting now is necessary to limit global temperature increases and prevent catastrophic consequences for the environment, human livelihoods, and the future. Climate change requires international cooperation to help developing countries move toward a low-carbon economy. However, the economic states of countries should be acknowledged in this perspective. To assess economic development, Member States should be allowed to regulate their own policies on climate change because further restrictions can pose heavy drawbacks in certain economies, specifically, developing and underdeveloped states trying to stabilize their economy. Argentina is on the stance that initiatives like the one to reduce climate change are essential, and even though member states may receive assistance, they should be given the leverage to set their own policies, implement, and develop them to suit their economy. Thus, set their own commitments to climate action and still contribute to achieving a sustainably developed world without following stringent measures that may not support their economic development goals.
Country:Australia
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
The Commonwealth of Australia deeply values the importance of promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence. As a member of the Indo-Pacific region, Australia recognizes that development challenges in neighboring Member States can have implications for regional stability and security. As a developed Member State, it is acknowledged that Australia is responsible for contributing to global efforts on reducing poverty and promoting sustainable development. In an ever-growing, interconnected world, Australia thinks that it is of utmost importance for the Member States to work together to build stable and prosperous global markets. Australia has been an advocate for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, and especially 17. In addition, Australia advocates for reforms in multilateral development banks to make them more responsive to global shocks as well as to build sustainability and resilience, particularly in vulnerable Member States. Australia is a proud signatory on many United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) resolutions, including A/RES/58/225, reaffirming the UN’s role in development cooperation and stressing the need to address asymmetries in the current global system, and A/RES/79/216, which focuses on the 2030 agenda and calling for reforms in global financial, trade, and health systems to make globalization more equitable. Australia further invites Member States to promote collaboration among governments, civil society, and the private sector under UN frameworks for sustainable globalization. Through Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs), businesses can collaborate with governments to fund infrastructure, renewable energy, and technology projects in line with the UN SDGs. Australia partners with UN agencies, local NGOs, and private firms to fund renewable energy, disaster preparedness, and sustainable agriculture projects in Pacific nations. Australia recommends that Member States also contribute towards regional and international projects to improve disaster preparedness and agricultural aspects.
Country:Australia
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
Paper text:
Australia recognizes the dangers of global climate change and deeply values working towards a better future for the coming generations of humankind. Australia is highly vulnerable to extreme weather, sea level rise, and droughts. Australia’s National Coastal Risk Assessment  (NCRA) reports that by the end of the century, there will be approximately a 1.1-meter rise in sea level. Significant numbers of buildings will be subject to damage and become uninhabitable. Families of Australia and many other coastal Member States will be without a home. To combat these deadly issues, Australia has set a goal since 2005 to reduce carbon emissions by 62-70% by 2035. Australia is currently undergoing the process of building a new 40 GW power grid by 2035 through harvesting solar and wind power. Australia is a signatory and strong advocate for the Paris Agreement. Australia also prides itself on being a signatory to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) resolutions A/HRC/RES/59/25, focused on climate finance, putting money towards developing countries to mitigate their carbon footprint, and simplifying procedures for accessing various climate funds, and A/HRC/RES/56/8, urging Member States to focus on the transition to renewable energy and better economic transitions with a major focus on Member States substantially affected by climate change. Australia draws the attention of Member States towards the already present and soon-to-be-worsening effects of climate change. Australia calls upon Member States to remove government support for fossil fuels and redirect investments toward clean energy. Through interdependent global systems, coastal Member States can work together to construct seawalls, levees, and flood barriers to mitigate some of the already present climate change effects. Australia further recommends the development of SDGs 7, 12, 13, 14, and specifically 13.1.
Country:Austria
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
Since the signing of the United Nations Charter in 1945, the UN has been instrumental in promoting economic development and cooperation among Member States. Through initiatives such as the Technical Assistance for Economic Development (1948), the United Nations Development Decades, and the establishment of UNCTAD in 1964, the UN has laid out the groundwork for global collaboration and economic interdependence. Later, with the frameworks including the Declaration on the Right to Development (1986), An Agenda for Development (1994), and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), it demonstrated the UN’s continued efforts to achieve even development. However, Austria realizes that globalization’s benefits remain unevenly distributed, as developing states still face barriers to accessing markets, technology, and sustainable financing. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the UNDP Strategic Plan 2022–2025 continue this mission by emphasizing global partnerships, inclusive growth, and equitable participation in the world economy.
Austria believes that globalization and interdependence must serve as engines for sustainable development, not sources of inequality. Austria is a member of the European Union and an active supporter of multilateral institutions. Also, Austria aligns its development policy with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), focusing on poverty reduction, gender equality, good governance, and climate-resilient economic growth. Austria contributes approximately 0.34% of its Gross National Income to Official Development Assistance (ODA), supporting programs through UNDP, UNIDO, and UNICEF. Austria also partners with landlocked and least developed countries, recognizing shared challenges in connectivity and access to trade routes. For example, the India- Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC), Austria’s network and logistic hubs such as Vienna and Linz plays a critical role in connecting the Middle East and Europe.
Moving forward, Austria advocates for three main actions including strengthening multilateral cooperation, enhancing the UN’s coordination between development agencies to eliminate duplication and Increasing transparency in project funding, and fair globalization and equitable market access. Developed nations must reduce protectionist barriers and ensure developing countries participate equally in international trade systems. Through these initiatives, Austria envisions a global economy that values inclusivity, and shared prosperity which ensures that globalization benefits all nations, not just the most powerful. Through this vision, Austria aims at achieving UNCTAD” vision of promoting interests of developing countries in world trade.
Country:Austria
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
Paper text:
The United Nations’ leadership in addressing climate change began with the 1972 Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment and evolved through the UNFCCC (1992), Kyoto Protocol (1997), and Paris Agreement (2015). Today, with global temperatures already 1.2°C above pre-industrial levels, the UN continues to provide a forum for global cooperation through frameworks like COP29 (2024) session that took place in Baku Azerbaijan, where Member States pledged to triple climate financing for developing countries by 2035. Despite these achievements, reports from the Climate Action Tracker indicate that current national policies could lead to temperature increases exceeding 2.7°C by 2100. The Secretary-General’s Call to Action on Extreme Heat and the Global Initiative for Information Integrity on Climate Change underscores the urgency of decisive, science-based climate action.
Austria regards climate protection as a moral and economic imperative. Domestically, Austria aims to achieve climate neutrality by 2040, supported by the Climate Change Act, the Klimaaktiv program, and new carbon management strategies including Carbon Capture and Storage, Carbon Capture and Utilization, and Carbon Dioxide Removal. The strategies aim at capturing, storing, and utilizing carbon to create products like fuels or building materials which help to reduce overall greenhouse gas levels. In relation to the UN’s mission, Austria contributes to the Green Climate Fund and supports capacity- building for developing countries mostly affected by environmental degradation.
Austria urges the global community to enhance climate action by improving transparency and accountability, and by increasing financial and technological support for developing countries by ensuring climate policies protect the rights and well-being of future generations. Austria believes that protecting the climate for current and future generations is not only an environmental necessity but also an essential component of long-term economic stability and human prosperity. This belief aligns with the adoption of the COP Kyoto Protocol, which established legally binding emission reduction targets for developed countries.
Country:Bangladesh
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
Sustainable economic development is necessary to make sure our world is moving in a forward direction. The world is growing more and more independent and it is becoming crucial that member states continue to manage the development of globalization in a positive way. The United Nations plays a big role in ensuring that globalization benefits all member states by reducing inequalities and fostering balanced economic growth, innovation, and opportunity.
Free and fair trade, access to global markets, and cooperation between member states that allows everyone to benefit from economic growth are all some of the best ways to have positive sustainable development. In an effort to help build up this cooperation, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development offers good structure for attaining this growth. This plan that was adopted back in 2015 has the goal of ending poverty by means of all of the member states working together. Similarly, the tenets of South-South cooperation encourage developing member states to support one another, share knowledge, and exchange different technologies. This technology transfer is essential in order for everyone to profit from scientific and industrial breakthroughs.
By fostering international cooperation, the United Nations can ensure progress that benefits all member states. The United Nations will continue to encourage inclusive globalization and sustainable development, and will serve as a powerful force in shaping a fairer, more prosperous global economy.
Country:Bangladesh
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
Paper text:
We support what the UN has done to curb climate change and we’re grateful for those efforts.
Through the Paris Agreement, the UN rallied the world around a shared commitment. By conducting the Global Stocktake, countries are now able to collectively evaluate the current status of implementation and identify remaining gaps. The Green Climate Fund has opened a path for developing countries to respond to climate change while keeping their sacrifices to a minimum. And with the launch of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, we can spot climate risks early, act on them, and speed recovery in affected areas. Taken together, these UN efforts work as a cycle for responding to climate change. Despite this progress, we remain concerned about how much support is actually reaching people on the ground—especially in vulnerable developing countries. That’s why we’re calling for measures that make these agreements and principles truly workable and sustainable in practice. They need to deliver in the near term and be measurable.
First, climate funds cannot stall at the pledge or governance stage—they must be genuinely accessible to developing countries. That means establishing direct-access windows and streamlining fiduciary processes. Above all, funds must reach frontline communities quickly. There are urgent needs right now: mangrove restoration, conservation and restoration in the Amazon, and responses to sea-level rise, among others.
Second, we need a system for transparent, fair evaluation of these projects—and for updating our approach based on the results. Under independent UN oversight, we should establish clear reporting and review, and a mechanism for swift course correction.
Climate action is a long game, but the decisive moments are brief. If we only draft grand plans and fail to oversee and course-correct, we will miss the chance to change course. Done right, clear milestones, transparent data, and rapid adjustments can turn ambition into measurable results on the ground.
Country:Belarus
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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Topic 1: Universal realization of the right of peoples to self-determination The Republic of Belarus supports self-determination as a fundamental right which the United Nations Charter and General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) have established. International law requires nations to exercise self-determination for maintaining peace and stability and upholding their sovereign status. The Republic of Belarus supports self-determination but believes this right should not serve as a pretext for foreign intervention or separatist activities that endanger national unity and territorial integrity of independent states. The government of Belarus supports self-determination through democratic internal processes which respect national constitutions and promote dialogue between people who live within existing states. The government of Belarus supports self- determination through social unity and economic growth and cultural appreciation between different communities. Belarus supports worldwide efforts to defend human rights and promote sustainable development and equal global participation in decision-making processes. The right to self-determination should apply to all people who live under foreign control of foreign powers and colonial rule according to United Nations resolutions that address this issue. Belarus advocates for increased UN dialogue to support sovereignty protection and non-interference principles and develop peaceful conflict resolution systems. The achievement of universal self-determination requires nations to respect each other while working together under international law which protects both personal rights and collective rights of humans.
Country:Belarus
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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Topic 2: Improvement of the situation of women and girls in rural areas The Republic of Belarus reaffirms its support for gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls, and particularly in rural communities. Anchored on the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, Belarus recognizes that the development of rural women is crucial to attaining sustainable development and the implementation of the 2030 Agenda. The rural women and girls are crucial for agriculture, rural development, and preservation of traditional culture. National programs of Belarus, such as the State Program on Sustainable Development of Rural Areas, aim to enhance education, health, employment, and social protection of rural residents. The state promotes female participation in local government bodies, business, and agricultural cooperatives in order to provide them with equal contribution to the economy of the country. Despite these efforts, there are still issues the nation has to deal with, including denial of access to contemporary technology, funds, and professional training. Belarus highly values global cooperation and knowledge exchange to overcome these limitations. The digital divide between cities and rural areas must be solved through investment in infrastructure and certain programs that equip women and young women with digital competencies and vocational skills. Belarus is committed to the United Nations and its affiliated agencies, such as UN Women and FAO, and their efforts in supporting programs that empower rural women everywhere. The Republic promotes greater development assistance, access to equitable trade opportunities, and elimination of discriminatory practices that hold women back. Through the promotion of education, healthcare, and economic empowerment, Belarus believes that rural women can become influential agents of social progress, ensuring equality, prosperity, and sustainable development for all communities.
Country:Belgium
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
Globalization is the process of increasing interconnectedness among businesses and other international development agencies that shape the economy and society, leading countries to become interdependent. Goods, services, and ideas are moving faster than ever, especially in this global digital age, but so are crises, pandemics, climate change, and economic instability. While globalization has driven global economic growth and land development, it has simultaneously deepened inequality and consumed many of our planet's natural resources, which need to be preserved. Belgium believes that globalization in this era must be executed consciously and sustainably. It must also ensure that development is inclusive and that human rights are being met. Every nation's sovereignty and prosperity are linked to maintaining global stability and a stable environment. If globalization is used correctly, it can strengthen rather than break down, develop rather than destroy, unify rather than divide. Belgium understands the current speed of globalization in this digital age. Belgium also recognizes the lack of equalization in international taxation of MNEs. Based on the OECD/G20 inclusive framework, Belgium supports the immediate need for a minimum global tax. It is taking domestic measures to ensure a fair tax approach while simultaneously working to eliminate harmful tax practices and protect public financial interests in the long term. Nevertheless, pursuing pro-investment policies that support job creation and innovative practices is equally important. Belgium encourages cooperation to improve the regulatory systems for capital flows. This promotes stability within the global finance system but does not aim to scare off potential investors. We strongly support the evolution of developing countries’ relationships with foreign investors and encourage wise management of investment dollars. We believe there should be limitations placed on these global emerging assets, such as crypto and various forms of digital finance, to prevent abuse of weakened tax policies. Finally, Belgium aligns these implementation strategies with the UN’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals to facilitate compliance. Belgium is M.A.D.A.G.A.I.N., an initiative for multilateral action on access to technology, development, accessibility, and inclusive networks. M stands for multilateral cooperation. Countries need to work together. Belgium supports the United Nations in leading efforts to coordinate national businesses and NGOs to address global issues. A stands for access to technology. Every country should have the tools to grow. Belgium wants the United Nations to continue helping developing countries gain access to investment to grow clean energy technology and education. D stands for development funding; more money should go to projects that reduce poverty and build strong economies. Belgium again supports the United Nations program that funds schools, healthcare, and job opportunities. A stands for accountability. Global trade must be fair. Belgium wants to ensure that companies comply with labor laws and protect human rights. G or green growth wants economic growth that protects the planet. Belgium supports renewable and sustainable energy sources that do not harm the environment but rather ensure its longevity. A, alliance building. The nation should stand with Belgium to support partnerships between rich and poor countries so that every individual can benefit from globalization. I, stand for inclusion and innovation, which aims to create education to build the future. Belgium wants to support youth training, job creation, and access to new and developing technology for all. Lastly, N stands for working for peace. The United Nations should help connect countries to build trusting relationships that will eventually bring peace to the international system. Belgium believes globalization should help everyone, not just the powerful and wealthy nations.
Country:Belgium
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
Paper text:
Belgium recognizes the global climate crisis that has occurred in recent years and acknowledges it as one of the most urgent global threats of the 21st century. The international climate crisis poses a threat to the worldwide economy, stability, human health, and the sustainability of Earth's ecosystems. The rigging temperatures, extreme weather patterns and events, and the loss of biodiversity have exacerbated economic inequalities, threats to agriculture, and challenges to energy systems across the globe. Belgium also recognizes that the economic cost of not stopping climate change will exceed the cost of being proactive in addressing the urgent global threat before us. As an EU member, Belgium is committed to the European Green Deal, which aims to transform the EU into a modern, resource-efficient, and competitive economy. Under the Paris climate agreement, Belgium supports international cooperation and the agenda for 2030's sustainable development first refers to the goal of the 2015 Paris agreement to limit global warming to well below 2°C, ideally 1.5°C, relative to pre-industrial levels. With 2030 as the deadline to hit the target, Belgium is committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 55%, in line with the EU Fit for 50 plan, a legislative package aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. NECPs, or the national emergency climate plans, have been implemented domestically in Belgium. Focus on expanding renewable energy and on more sustainable, efficient energy methods. The government has invested in wind energy, aiming to attract regional capital for clean energy in Northwestern Europe. Belgium emphasizes the use of climate finance —funding to achieve climate goals —to promote global solidarity in the climate change initiative. Belgium Bunna S.U.M.M.A., which stands for sustainable unity for mitigation, modernization, and adaptation, represents a cooperative, economically viable strategy for climate change as nations are still developing. S, which stands for sustainable investment, which puts more money into clean energy and green jobs. Belgium wants to support countries and their projects to protect the planet and promote economic growth. U stands for unity between nations. No country can help developing solve climate change alone. Belgium supports teamwork between rich and poor nations. M stands for mitigation, which aims to cut down pollution and carbon emissions. Belgium is pushing to lower greenhouse gas emissions through renewable energy sources. M stands for modernization; let’s upgrade the whole system, build greener cities, better public transportation, and sustainable factories. Belgium believes that modern solutions could help both the planet and the quality of life of people, as well as the global economic system. Lastly, A, which stands for adaptation. Assisting countries to adjust to climate change, like protecting coastlines, managing natural disasters, and supporting farmers facing the new weather patterns. Belgium supports funding for domestic solutions against climate change. Belgium Bunna S.U.M.M.A. will stop global climate change.
Country:Brazil
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
The Delegation recognizes that globalization opens the world through trade, finance, and technology, and brings both prosperity and disparity. Although many States enjoy the advantages of open markets, millions continue to suffer from poverty, debt distress, and exclusion from global trade. The United Nations has addressed one of the world’s most significant inequalities by promoting and facilitating international collaboration for development, ensuring the benefits of global integration to all.
After the Charter was adopted in 1945, the UN began pursuing the goals of well-being and economic development. This led to the establishment of key initiatives such as the 1948 Technical Assistance for Economic Development, UNCTAD in 1964, and the International Development Strategies of the 1970s. The UN's efforts, guided by the 1986 Declaration on the Right to Development, have been of paramount importance in promoting development and reducing inequality. These efforts, along with the Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals, have aimed at fostering international collaboration on inclusive and sustainable growth.
There are still barriers and uneven development. Progress of the SDGs by the target date of 2030 still remains possible, although the COVID-19 pandemic deepened these inequalities. We encourage the UN’s increased leadership on equitable participation of all countries in international trade, sustainable financing, and the inclusion of all countries in technological development. This includes incorporating the UNDP’s $4 trillion challenge, which would require only one percent of global wealth to be invested in sustainable development. This Delegation calls upon the General Assembly to deepen collaboration between developed and developing countries, enhance debt relief, and expand UN technical support to achieve fair globalization. The United Nations can make interdependence the basis of shared prosperity and enduring peace by guaranteeing every Member State’s equitable participation in the global economy.
Country:Brazil
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
Paper text:
The preservation and protection of the Global Climate is one of the most urgent responsibilities facing humanity. What is a more basic and necessary goal than protecting the one home humanity has. Rising temperatures, prolonged droughts, and intensifying natural disasters threaten ecosystems and communities. These effects are felt much more in the developing world where resources and infrastructure for dealing with increasing natural disasters is scarce. The accelerating loss of forests and biodiversity further weakens the planet’s ability to absorb carbon and regulate the climate, creating a dangerous snowball effect that will threaten not only our current populations, but all generations that come after us as well.
This delegation believes that equitable sustainable development must be at the heart of climate action. Combating deforestation and massively promoting new renewable energy sources are essential to reducing emissions and protecting vital ecosystems. This development of new energy sources must be distributed equally across nations, all nations should be able to participate in the switch to clean renewable energy, not just those with the wealth to buy in. This responsibility must be supported by equitable international cooperation that provides financial resources and technology to developing countries that are pursuing their green transitions.
Existing global agreements such as the Paris climate agreement need to be strengthened and applied practically. We can not endlessly be in a cycle of agreeing to goals, missing deadlines, and readjusting our goals, forever kicking the can down the road making the problem worse in the process. We need to reaffirm our commitment to universal climate action. No nation should have to choose between economic growth and environmental preservation. By investing in clean energy, sustainable agriculture, and inclusive economic policies, the international community can unite global prosperity with ecological balance. Protecting the one home humanity has been gifted should not be seen as an unachievable reality, but as the moral duty of every nation. And it is a reality that is possible. This delegation hopes it is a reality we can see come to pass through the support of clean and equitable investment projects that help fight deforestation and move us towards universal green energy.
Country:Burundi
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
The world is increasingly interconnected due to trade and information pathways, and globalization has been on the rise in recent years which can be highly attributed to technology. Many Member States are currently experiencing unprecedented economic growth due to the interconnectedness and increased trade. This growth is unfortunately not evenly distributed across the Member States. Some States are gaining economic presence, while others, specifically less developed countries, are losing ground. The Republic of Burundi is unfortunately experiencing the negative effects and losing ground economically.
The UN has intervened in different ways over the years, and supports the Republic of Burundi through peacebuilding, security efforts, and socio-economic programs. In other sectors, the UN has remained vigilant in their efforts to recognize this unequal distribution of wealth. There was specific mention of this gap in multiple UN resolutions, but it was specifically labeled as an issue in the 2007 and 2008 assembly resolutions.
We stand firm on a position that the global market requires active changes and adaptations in order to ensure that no country is left behind economically. We rely heavily on agriculture as a country, specifically coffee and tea exports. With 80% of the population being employed in the agricultural sector the continuance of our involvement in the global market is vital. Fluctuations in the global market impact us significantly, and without these exports we will begin to struggle. With limited structure and growth, we face challenges competing in the global market. We stress the urgent need for mechanisms and reform in the market in order to show fairer participation of underdeveloped countries in the market. We are committed to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and express our support and commitment to this, as well as the East African Community. To improve the market, we propose fair trade agreements to make a more stable economy and guarantee exports to stabilize our economy. We also believe that there should be a greater call to attention and focus on expanding international aid and initiatives to expand where our current infrastructure lacks. Finally, would be the support of debt relief, as well as providing financing that could be used toward development initiatives.
Country:Burundi
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
Paper text:
In recent events there have been drastic increases in global temperatures, and record breaking heatwaves. The state of the global climate is steadily decreasing, and headed toward irrevocable changes. Shifting weather patterns threaten food production and the safety of humanity.
The Paris Agreement, which was proposed and drafted by 195 parties during the 2015 Climate Change Conference in Paris was affixed in order to reduce the implications of climate change. We have ratified and complied with the Paris Agreement, as well as made multiple steps toward sustainability. However, our efforts against climate change are constrained by limited resources and require the assistance of international organizations.
We stand firm on our view that climate change is an existential threat to sustainable development, and without bold action toward the contraction of the issues that have emerged. Severe weathers, floods, soil erosion, and more affect the livelihood and security of communities. Although we have a very insignificant contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions which have contributed to the rising temperatures, our country bears some of the most significant backlash of it. Due to our landscape and geographical features, we experience heavy droughts and flooding which negatively impact agriculture, and in turn, our economy. It is estimated that we lose 5.2% of land annually, and 1.6% of annual GDP. We request increased contributions to the Green Climate Fund, as well as an increased investment in sustainable energy, reforestation, and land management. We also call that the UN strengthens climate programs, and works to improve the situations and livelihood of countless vulnerable groups including women and children.
Country:Cambodia
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
The Kingdom of Cambodia recognizes that in order for development to be promoted, states have to be willing to integrate other states economically and politically in order to cooperate at the international level, and the UN aids this. This integration includes recognizing states that may be of lesser power and working together in regards to trade, aiding each other politically, economically, and militarily when in need. The dependence on one another is a strong symbol of alliance. Understanding interdependence goes hand in hand with development, simply demonstrating the need for states to continue to be united on an international level so that peace and stability can be a constant, and the UN has long played a positive role in this development.
Country:Cambodia
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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The Kingdom of Cambodia strongly recognizes the importance of protecting the environment and the global climate for future generations. Cambodia has been directly affected by climate change and wants to continue to promote not only the Sustainable Development Goals for Cambodia but also the Sustainable Development Goals for all states internationally. Due to the effects climate change has on Cambodia, Cambodia holds a deeper understanding of the importance of sustainability by implementing agreements that mitigate the effects of climate change, including ways to reduce it entirely, such as the Paris Agreement and the Climate Summit.
Country:Chile
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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We believe that globalization can be a tool for development that connects people, economies and ideas across borders. However, not all countries have been able to equally share the benefits. Developing states face obstacles and barriers in accessing global markets, while challenges such as debt, trade inequality, and technology leave them unable to compete. All member states have a responsibility to promote interdependence in a way that is in accordance with our Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as the guiding framework for these efforts.
We believe globalization is not only about trade, investment, and growth, but also about inclusion and sustainability. As a leading exporter of copper and lithium, we have experienced firsthand both the opportunities and disadvantages of using global markets. The Declaration on the Right to Development (1986) and the Millennium Development Goals (2000) already emphasized that progress must be enjoyed by all. Building on this, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development reminds us that fairer trade rules, support for debt relief, and technology transfer are important steps to achieve better growth. Chile values its cooperation and promises with the UN, including the 2023–2026 Cooperation Framework, which aligns UN support with national priorities like sustainable growth, social inclusion, and climate resilience.
The future of globalization must focus on equity, not just efficiency. By continuing to encourage collaboration between all nations and strengthening methods for fair development, the UN can shift globalization from being a producer of inequality to a tool for global wealth. We are committed to working with fellow Member States to ensure that the SDGs become not only goals on paper, but real progress achieved through collective action.
Country:Chile
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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Chile sees climate change as a crisis that is not on its way, but already here. It affects millions of people worldwide. Climate change knows no bounds, and because the Earth is an interconnected system, global cooperation is the only solution. Severe droughts, desertification, and water scarcity are all problems that threaten development and human well-being. For this reason, Chile has made climate action a national priority, passing the Climate Change Framework Law (2022) and committing to carbon neutrality by 2050. These initiatives align with the Paris Agreement (2015) and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992), both of which guide global cooperation on reducing emissions and preparing for climate impacts.
However, we recognize that we cannot achieve these goals alone. Developing countries often face difficult choices between economic growth and environmental protection. Wealthier states must do more to support financing, technology, and capacity building, consistent with past agreements under the Kyoto Protocol (1997) and the UNFCCC’s principle of common but differentiated responsibilities.
We support the UN’s role in ensuring transparency and accountability in climate commitments. Public trust is essential, and Member States must be willing to share progress openly and accurately. Expanding renewable energy, reducing fossil fuel dependence, and strengthening vulnerable communities are environmental goals that help us in so many other important aspects of the SDG’s. By working together under the guidance of past and future UN resolutions and frameworks, we can ensure that protecting the global climate is a goal that we all help to complete.
Country:Denmark
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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During the United Nations first and second development decades, the Kingdom of Denmark developed a renewed sense of collaboration and commitment towards development assistance. While Denmark’s own donations of aid increased significantly, Denmark also shifted their focus towards their development of their own bilateral/multilateral program, the Danish International Development Agency (Danida). By working with a variety of governmental and non-governmental agencies, Danida helps implement development at a local level for partner countries. This multi-faceted approach of local implementation and aid assistance to development continues to be an important aspect of Danish foreign policy approach. As a major contributor of the donation of aid and assistance towards developing countries, Denmark recognizes the necessity of a detailed and sustainable plan for the globalization and development of member states. Specifically, Denmark urges the completion of a plan that counteracts the uneven distribution of wealth and resources between member states in accordance with accomplishing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 8 and 10. Additionally, Denmark views the continued access to global trade and markets as imperative to member states’ rights, progress, and development. In particular, Denmark is calling for a decrease in trade barriers and other protectionist policies. Not only do high trade barriers directly contradict the spirit of cooperation and globalization that the United Nations is attempting to promote, but it more harshly impacts countries with less established trading systems. By incorporating the framework of the United Nations Development program (UNDP) strategic plan (2026-2029) on a local level, Denmark believes the United Nations will have the best ability to address and sustainable fund these inequalities between member countries. This framework will encourage countries to use artificial intelligence and other forms of technology to help solve problems and reinvent the current environment of trading and globalization. Furthermore, Denmark would like to encourage member states to join Denmark in meeting their specified UN set international target of donation of their Gross National Income (GNI) towards official development assistance. By focusing on these targets, increasing research funds, and increasing multilateralism, Denmark believes the targets of UN resolution 77/175 can be achieved.
Country:Denmark
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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The Kingdom of Denmark firmly believes in and recognizes the importance of global climate protection. Not only is Denmark at the forefront in the consistent fight for climate protection, Denmark is also a leading country in reaching climate neutral goals. Denmark has attended and hosted many climate conferences and summits such as 1979 First World Climate Change (FWCC), 2025 Sixth Global Climate, and SDG Synergy Conference. These summits have greatly bolstered global awareness and cooperation. In fact, The Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI) has ranked Denmark in fourth place for their great strides made to reach climate neutrality by 2045. Denmark would like to extend their progress towards helping other countries reach their own goals. Denmark has already started this endeavor by giving 25% of development aid to climate projects. Additionally, Denmark provides funding to the Nordic Development Fund for clean cookstoves initiatives in sub-Saharan Africa. During committee, Denmark would like to improve upon this work by encouraging member states to adopt the UN Climate Change Conference (COP29) goals, which calls for member nations to triple funding for climate change initiatives in developing countries. This funding is necessary for many countries with less resources and assets to implement climate change initiatives locally. Furthermore, Denmark is calling upon member states to further their own research, knowledge, and collaboration amongst each other. One of the ways this can be accomplished is through member states joining global partnerships such as the Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC). As a member since 2012, Denmark believes this coalition will be highly beneficial to improving and completing Sustainable Development Goals (SDG’s) 7 and 13. Another way this can be accomplished is through the Global Initiative on Information Integrity on Climate Change. By working with nonprofit entities, this initiative supports the public education of research-backed information on climate change. It is through these initiatives and coalitions that Denmark believes in the successful protection of the environment. Helping other member nations in making goals to fight climate change will always be Denmark's number one goal for the committee.
Country:Djibouti
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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The delegation of Djibouti is deeply committed to development cooperation within the role of the United Nations in the context of globalization and interdependence. The delegation of Djibouti affirms the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals which aim to further advance objectives that include but are not limited to; promotion of sustainable city development, development of resilient infrastructure, promoting good health and well-being, as well as promoting sustained and inclusive economic growth globally. The delegation of Djibouti strongly emphasizes these goals in working to promote development in the context of globalization and interdependence. Additionally, the delegation of Djibouti, in compliance with A/RES/61/207, emphasizes the importance of and commitment to development promotion. Specifically, the tenets in which A/RES/61/207 affirms the significance of the need for assistance to least developed global countries in terms of gaps within the areas of technology and scientific capabilities specifically, to promote globalization and interdependence. As a result, the delegation of Djibouti looks forward to establishing some tenets in which this concern may be addressed within the General Assembly Second Committee.
Country:Djibouti
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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The Delegation of Djibouti emphasizes the importance of and commitment to working towards further progress in regard to the importance of the protection of the global climate for present and future generations of humankind. The Delegation of Djibouti recognizes the tenets within A/RES/77/165, which addresses the urgency in which climate change must be addressed. Within this document, Djibouti emphasizes and hopes to further discuss concerns with and potential solutions to rising emissions and vulnerability as a result of climate change. Furthermore, the delegation of Djibouti recognizes the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 13 in order to take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. Under Sustainable Development Goal 13, The delegation of Djibouti affirms action such as target 13.2, to further develop climate change measures into national policies, strategies, and planning; as well as target 13.4, to implement the UN framework convention on climate change. Moving forward, the delegation of Djibouti is looking forward to developing strategies in which the UN General Assembly Second Committee may promote and implement commitment to the protection of the global climate for present and future generations of humankind.
Country:Egypt
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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Interdependence in our global community has served many communities where their government is not capable of remedy the problem. Since its inception, through the Charter of the United Nations in 1945, the United Nations has been crafted with the global community in mind. The Arab Republic of Egypt has had the privilege to be supported by the UN financially and in turn has served other member nations through our participation in MINUSCA. Through the use of the Arab Republic of Egypt armed forces, our global commitment to security and peacekeeping efforts in Central Africa. Beyond financially bolstering the Arab Republic of Egypt’s infrastructure as we build out our plans to enhance education, healthcare and other government support systems, our engagement in South-South and Triangular Cooperation where we provide training and and capacity building education to Arab and African countries has solidified our positions as leaders in developing solutions. We believe that a deeply involved and active global community led through the United Nations is imperative in promoting the development of Egypt and other global south countries simultaneously.
The United Nations is uniquely positioned as a larger entity than any one country and we believe this is often under utilized. The United Nations has the ability to invest in global south countries through our global north members to further develop these nations while allowing them to remain independent. Egypt believes that the United Nations should continue to financially and militarily support nations like ourselves who exhibit leadership through our Chairmanship of the G-77. Through this financial support there is increased interdependence as the participating nations are able to delegate the funding to support local initiatives which align with the UN 2030 Agenda. The increased flow of funding and opportunity promotes nations to act within the best interest of their peoples' needs while simultaneously being held globally accountable to the United Nations to utilize the funds appropriately.
Country:Egypt
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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Since its inception in Summer of 1988 climate change has been a particularly troubling crisis affecting all the nations of earth. The Arab Republic of Egypt understands the imminence of climate change, desertification across the state leading to loss of farmable land, rising temperature coupled with pollutants causing many of our citizens to struggle against respiratory illness, and a linear decrease in viable drinking water from the Nile sure to a drying delta and shrinking river to name a few. The UN has recognized through the introduction of the Paris Agreement in 2015 that action against climate change each nation needs to update their current prevention structures and prioritize their unique resources to adequately protect them. In Cairo alone we have made steady progress through introducing legislation limiting the planting of water intensive crops and a $31.4 Million Green Climate Fund to Enhance the Climate Change Adaptation in the north coast and Nile Delta. Without these and more appropriate climate change measures we are doomed to fail the future generations of Egyptians.
Therefore we support a resolution that directly encourages broader participation from all United Nations Member states to recognize the need for swift and succinct action against climate change. The time for decision paralysis is over and each nation needs to recognize the cultural, social, and economic ramifications of climate change are no longer hypothetical. We anticipate economic and informational challenges as each country works to adopt an updated framework on climate change. However, through our own initiatives such as Egypt Vision 2030 and Cairo Water Week are willing to model potential plans for other nations in a similar situation to our own through aligned with UN Sustainable Development Goals. We have highlighted energy, emissions reduction and waste management as areas where we can improve upon our current abilities. Through the collective investment into these activities as a global community we have a chance at preserving our global climate for future generations.
Country:Ethiopia
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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As a low-income nation, Ethiopia supports continued action to achieve the SDGs, with an emphasis on reducing global poverty, improving quality of life, and contributing to broader societal development. We push for further action on the goals set during the Addis Ababa Action Agenda focusing on promoting development cooperation, using trade as a vehicle for development, and creating sustainable debt structures. We strongly endorse the principles outlined in A/RES/77/175 around improving multilateral cooperation, using globalization as a tool to promote development, and create a more equitable system of global trade.
To ensure the success of the SDGs, we call for accelerated action on the 2030 Agenda with an emphasis on African nations facing excessive impacts from global challenges. We encourage multilateral cooperation through using world trade, global financial systems, and global economic governance to promote development and we discourage unilateral actions that hinder development efforts. In addition, we call for reforms of the international financial system and a rapid increase in development financing to address the debt crisis many African nations face. Finally, we call for member states to scale up long-term development financing and for international organizations to help close the global trade financial gap. We push for these goals by empowering and collaborating with African voices and the voices of other Global South nations facing the brunt of the impacts from global challenges. We believe that development efforts cannot be accomplished alone and that all nations must work together to achieve global development goals. We look forward to collaborating with African Union members, the G77, and the Global South to center our voices on development issues, address the debt crisis, and increase funding for development through investment and trade.
Country:Ethiopia
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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Ethiopia is positioned as 180 out of 193 on the Human Development Index, making our country far more susceptible to the risks of climate change. As a result, we encourage continued action from the international community to promote green industries and sustainable entrepreneurship, as was emphasized in Resolution A/RES/79/201. We will continue our work as a leader on climate action and push for the principles outlined in the Addis Ababa Declaration created at the Africa Climate Summit 2 in September of this year. Our top priority is to transform Africa into a renewable energy hub and a source for climate solutions, and drive the investments necessary to develop robust green industries across all developing nations.
To encourage more comprehensive climate strategies, Ethiopia calls on the General Assembly to increase climate financing to African nations and the Global South to allow developing countries to take advantage of emerging technologies. Despite our minor contributions to climate change, we face some of the greatest consequences from it. Therefore, we encourage global climate action to strengthen the resilience of vulnerable countries and communities to ensure no nation is left behind.
We remain committed to reversing rising temperatures and climate risks by working closely with Member States in the General Assembly, especially with members of the African Union. We believe that greater collaboration between African nations through projects like the Africa Green Industrialization Initiative is essential to achieve sustainable development. During this meeting, African countries, along with other nations from the Global South, should unite behind one position that prioritizes increased, equitable, and consistent financial investment, further South-South cooperation, and the empowerment of African and Global South voices in the decision-making process.
Country:Finland
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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The Republic of Finland reiterates the role the United Nations plays in globalization and interdependence, projecting the UNGAs goals of eradicating poverty, reducing inequality, fostering sustainable development, and empowering women. President Alexander Stubb gave a speech presenting their position as a smaller state in the UN, interestingly speaking on how the World Order is shifting post Cold War, stating that smaller states need to unite in order to develop. “The power of a smaller country arises from its capability to cooperate with others.” He has a strong belief that the smaller states need to unite and work cooperatively with each other as to push for their own development. President Stubb mentions the technological capabilities the UN now has “never before … had such means of innovation at its disposal to solve the world’s most pressing problems.” Reinstating the importance of shared knowledge of technological innovations and using newer technology to further support smaller states. The delegation of Finland reiterates the notion that states of all statures need to work collectively in order to promote peace, development, and prosperity for all states and populations therein.
Country:Finland
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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The Republic of Finland recognizes the importance of protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind. In last year's UNGA Sweden spoke on being climate neutral by 2045. Ways to reach this they said were through private investments and other needed fundraising. They called out for reform for the multilateral development banks, which could support the cause better. Setting goals and working together with other countries to achieve these goals is the stance of Finland on protecting climate for the future.
Country:France
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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The Transforming Our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development states, “We are resolved to free the human race from the tyranny of poverty and want and to heal and secure our planet.” Despite the United Nations’ efforts to date, pressing global issues like poverty, gender inequality, and public health continue to persist, particularly with the deadline looming. Therefore, the United Nations must develop and implement a new program to support the developing world.
As President Macron stated in his 2018 address to the United Nations General Assembly, “We must rethink development aid — not as a form of charity, but as a genuine investment in our shared future, built through equal partnerships and respect,”. In this spirit, President Macron has pioneered a new form of development, a policy founded in co-design and co-construction. The French Republic has spent €13.7 billion and launched 1,250 projects through the Agence Française de Développement. The French Republic is committed to the development of nations in issues such as gender equality, war, biodiversity, public health, poverty, and especially climate change.
The French Republic recommends that the United Nations promote a development model rooted in genuine partnership. We advocate for an approach grounded in strong, inclusive cooperation, emphasizing the importance of empowering bold local voices, fostering mutual accountability, and ensuring a safe and sustainable future for those in need.
Country:France
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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At the One Planet Summit in January 2020, President Macron declared, “Our house is on fire. I want to be clear: we need to act now, and we need to act together." The French Republic stands firm in the belief that Climate Change is among the greatest existential threats that humanity faces, and it must be curbed immediately. The world is already experiencing freak weather events, rising sea levels, outbreaks of insects and diseases like malaria, and record-breaking heat levels. The climate change-related disastrous situations are too vast for any one nation to address alone, so the French Republic emphasizes the need for a strong multilateral approach to tackle this pressing challenge.
The French Republic has worked diligently to synthesize the needs of the modern world with our push toward renewable and clean energy, prioritizing this goal chiefly among our policies. We plan to be carbon neutral by 2050, if not sooner, and have also banned the extraction of new oil and gas resources, which will phase out fossil fuels from the French Republic’s economy and industries. Through the France Relance Recovery Plan, the French Republic innovates and is a trailblazer in the world of green technologies, establishing new avenues for the future. The French Republic is also one of the largest donors to the Green Climate Fund, a fund focused on helping the developing world deal with climate-related issues, as well as construct low-carbon infrastructure. This demonstrates the French Republic’s durable, flexible, and enduring commitment to addressing climate change.
The French Republic is of the persuasion that climate change must be fought together; we must assist those unable to assist themselves and work to make the world green despite hardships. In accordance with this, the French Republic has strengthened partnerships with African nations through the Sahel Alliance and actively supports global efforts like the International Solar Alliance. These efforts are part of a broader French commitment to ensure that no nation is left behind in the global energy transition. In this same sense, the French Republic urges member states to reconcile ideological, cultural, and economic differences and forge a common consensus to help overcome Climate Change.
The French Republic calls upon the nations of the world to strengthen their commitment to the Paris Agreement, committing to a greater level of transparency and accountability when it comes to the reduction of carbon emissions. The French Republic also seeks to have the United Nations donate a trillion dollars to the Green Climate Fund. These goals will help direct our future away from one buried under crippling miasma and towards a future of clean and fresh air to be enjoyed by countless generations to come.
Country:Georgia
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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Georgia advocates for increased support of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) by other Member States. Georgia believes that the UNDP is an effective way to promote sustainable economic development in our increasingly globalized international community. Georgia especially advocates for supporting the 4 trillion dollar challenge of investing one percent of global wealth into the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The reality of the modern world is that interdependence is necessary for sustainable growth, and that common goals such as the SDGs are unifying. By increasing funding for the UNDP, all nations will see benefits as developing nations will further be able to participate in the global economy when their access to global markets improves. Georgia itself has experienced success working with the UNDP since 1993. We declared all 17 SDGs national priorities in 2017, and encourage all other Member States, especially developing Member States to do the same. Georgia, alongside the UN, is working to end poverty and ensure that its Georgians can enjoy peace and prosperity by committing to the SDGs. Georgia recognizes barriers that exist within economic development, especially in post- pandemic economies. Georgia emphases how crucial reducing inequalities in technology, labor, market, and employment opportunities between rural and urban committees is in ensuring sustainable growth. Georgia expresses its deep gratitude to the United Nations in their support of these goals, and encourages other nations seeking to develop economically to cooperate and work alongside the United Nations. Georgia encourages larger nations to offer support of member states’ development goals, and support the UN’s plans to work towards a more sustainable future.
Country:Georgia
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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Georgia remains committed to the preservation of the environment and urges other Member Nations to promote the clear necessity for protection of global climate. Georgia, a signatory of the Paris Agreement, committed to achieving the goal of limiting global temperature rises to below 2 degree Celsius. Georgia aims to achieve this by unconditionally reducing our GHGs to 35% below our 1990 baseline level by 2030, of 13 million tons carbon dioxide equivalent. Georgia greatly appreciates the support we have received in achieving our climate goals, and requests continuation of international support to both Georgia and other nations. With sufficient international support, Georgia would increase our commitment to lowering GHGs to 50-57% below the 1990 level. Georgia encourages other Member States to also set clear and specific goals for improving global climate and reducing their GHGs. Georgia specifically targets lowering emissions in transport, buildings, energy generation and transmission, agriculture, industry, waste and forestry. Georgia also reemphases the value of global cooperation in achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement, as climate change is a global issue faced by all nations. Member States can effectively respond to public scrutiny of their climate change commitments, and ensure transparent, accountable climate action by participating in the Voluntary National Review (VNR), and submit reports to the High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development (HLPF) which Georgia has submitted reports to in 2016, 2020, and 2025. Georgia encourages countries who have not participated to present in the upcoming HLPF and to participate in the VNR.
Country:Germany
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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We firmly believe that the promotion of sustainable economic development is the best way to ensure future prosperity. With the ever-increasing interconnectivity and globalization of the international economy, it is now more important than ever to work together to ensure a robust and advanced society. We are committed to promoting economic development by placing a heavy emphasis on the importance of trade liberalization. As seen with the founding of the World Trade Organization and the principles embodied in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, eliminating trade barriers and promoting global economic specialization through increased trade and mutual trade agreements is the best way to promote economic development. We believe that empowering the UN to play a larger role in these functions will further facilitate economic development on the international stage.
We also recognize the role of technological innovation in encouraging global economic development. With the increased role of artificial intelligence and advances in automation, we believe that the UN should take a more active role in facilitating collaborative technological research between member states. By creating an environment that allows countries to share information, we believe that the UN can serve as a medium to speed up technological advancement. As emphasized in the 2024 Resolution on Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy AI for Sustainable Development, we believe that new technologies, such as artificial intelligence, can play a positive role in the global economy. And the research and dissemination of this technology will enhance economic growth and productivity.
We urge countries to recognize the importance of trade and technology to global development and to take measures to encourage trade liberalization and technological innovation. The implementation of these measures will prove monumental to the advancement of global economic development.
Country:Germany
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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We firmly believe the protection of the global climate is an important issue for present and future generations. The issue of the global climate is growing, and action must be taken. If individual responsibility is not taken, it will only continue to get worse. We are committed to climate neutrality and believe that states should strive to be a part of the change. Global renewable energy is a step in the right direction. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change also aims to stabilize the global climate, as it helps review progress and make decisions. We hope that the Paris Agreement will serve its purpose, and states will set their own target on emission reductions to better the overall environment. These goals are renewed every five years and help gauge how well these states are accomplishing climate neutrality. We believe that a plan should be made for Climate Neutrality at the conference and find ways for states to agree on lowering carbon emissions globally.
We also believe that governments should address the climate change crisis and enforce climate measures internally. The issue of the global climate is something that cannot be fixed unless all are committed. Findings by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change have linked warming to human activity. The UN Secretary-General views the climate crisis as urgent and urges states to move away from fossil fuels to renewable energy. Member states should come together to move towards this goal and help future generations have a better planet. Suggestions to reduce these things include emissions reductions and renewable energy priority from states. There can even be incentives to state that are taking measures towards these steps, and achieving the goals set by the Paris Agreement.
We urge countries to recognize this problem and help take steps towards bettering the global climate. Implementation of these measures is crucial for the situation to get better and help future generations.
Country:Greece
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
At the 79th General Assembly of the United Nations, General Assembly resolution 79/211 was adopted, upholding the United Nations’ commitment to sustainable energy initiatives. The resolution extended the United Nations Decade of Sustainable Energy for All to 2030, which is also the target year for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted in 2015 via General Assembly resolution 70/1. United Nations Member States are working hard to expand their renewable energy capacities, but most of this progress is from wealthy, developed Member States. In 2023, the United Nations estimated that 8 percent of the world’s population still lacked energy access. Sustainable Development Goal #7 aims for the entire world’s population to have access to renewable energy. Energy powers essential government services like healthcare, education, agriculture, and telecommunications, and it supports economic expansion. Energy is essential to the development and modernization of Member States. Current initiatives emphasize clean and renewable energy to improve air quality and reduce carbon emissions. The production of sustainable and renewable energy must be made equal across all Member States.
The ongoing war in Ukraine also prompted the need for new forms of renewable energy. The disruptions in the global energy supply have been huge, as Russia was the top exporter of energy. The War caused many Member States to reduce their energy imports from Russia, especially Member States in Europe. These reductions have put a strain on global energy, creating shortages and higher prices. The demand for alternative sources of energy is high.
General Assembly resolution 79/211 requests Member States to take action to promote the global adoption of renewable energy. Greece has been implementing renewable energy projects since the adoption of the SDGs. Greece is currently phasing out coal as an energy source, hoping to eliminate it by 2028, and shifting to cleaner or renewable energy sources like solar, wind, oil, and natural gas. Greece’s expansion in energy is transforming it into a regional energy hub. Greece hopes to supply to Member States around Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa, stabilizing energy prices and supply throughout the Mediterranean. Greece has made plans for a pipeline connecting it to surrounding Member States, providing a more efficient and affordable way to distribute energy around the region. Greece encourages Member States to share energy, fostering growth and trade in the energy sector. Greece hopes energy collaboration will bring the world closer to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.
Country:Greece
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
Paper text:
Wildfires in the Mediterranean region are burning bigger and longer every year. Agricultural production in East Africa is routinely crippled by drought. Monsoon rains in South Asia are setting new records for flooding. These are just a few examples of the devastating impact climate change has on people around the world. Global average temperatures have already risen 1.35 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and could reach 3.1 degrees by 2100. It's horrifying to imagine the ways in which this will accelerate environmental degradation and further increase the frequency of natural disasters.
To avoid the worst of these effects, Member States need to maintain their commitments to reducing carbon emissions made under the Paris Agreement. Transitioning to renewable energy is an important part of this. Additionally, Member States should be releasing Biennial Transparency Reports on their progress towards emissions reductions goals. This is key to ensuring transparency between Member States as well as between states and their citizens.
The Hellenic Republic is proud of the work done by Parties to the Paris Agreement at COP29, and believes that Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, which created the basis for an international carbon crediting mechanism, is an important way to incentivize emission reductions. This system provides an opportunity for least developed states to reduce emissions and receive additional income for their efforts, which can then be reinvested into climate adaptation strategies. States must remain committed to participation in this new carbon crediting mechanism in order to maintain its stability and prevent a collapse like what was seen in the carbon crisis of 2012. However, even an optimally functioning carbon market can only supply a fraction of the total financial resources needed by least developed states to adequately implement climate action plans. It is essential that the international community supports emissions tracking and reporting mechanisms within developing states in order to ensure their full participation in carbon markets, and continues to invest in climate mitigation and adaptation measures for those regions most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.
Country:Guyana
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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The Co-operative Republic of Guyana stands in strong affirmation of promoting equitable global development in the context of globalization and interdependence. Guyana recognizes that globalization creates opportunities for economic growth, innovation, and stronger international cooperation. However, these benefits are not evenly shared, leaving many developing nations behind. Guyana is committed to working with United Nations to build a fairer and more inclusive global economy. It strongly supports the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and aligns its national priorities with the United Nations Development Programme Sustainable Development Goals. President Irfaan Ali has stated, “The world must act with a single purpose to close the development gap that separates us.” This vision emphasizes Guyana’s commitment to ensuring that no country is left behind in the pursuit of economic growth and prosperity. Furthermore, Ali emphasized, “The future of development depends on genuine partnerships built on trust, equity, and shared prosperity.” Guyana believes that developed nations must work with developing states to address barriers to fair trade through increased financing, technology transfer, and fairer trade agreements. Guyana has demonstrated its commitment to international cooperation through participation in global agreements such as the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement. These frameworks reflect the link between sustainable development and economic opportunity. Guyana remains dedicated to strengthening partnerships, reducing inequalities, and ensuring that globalization benefits all nations equally.
“President of Guyana Addresses 78th Session of General Assembly Debate.” 2024. UN Photo. March 15, 2024. https://media.un.org/photo/en/asset/oun7/oun71001679.
Diálogo Interamericano. 2023. “A Conversation with Guyana’s President Dr. Irfaan Ali.” YouTube. September 13, 2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QQfowHmifWM.
Country:Guyana
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
Paper text:
Guyana recognizes global climate change as a threat to the country and is determined to make a positive change. In recognition that over 80 percent of Guyana’s territory is forest, there is a desperate need to support global efforts to battle climate change. Guyana’s President Dr. Irfaan Ali reported in July 2024, that within 18 months the country’s protected areas will be doubled. The effort to change, publicize the issue, and act quickly is apparent, but Guyana also worries about how warfare and low-middle income countries can afford these provisions. Carolyn Rodrigues-Birkett, permanent representative of Guyana to the United Nations, emphasizes how combat results in depletion of natural resources and biodiversity loss. For example, Gaza already faces environmental damages caused from over 39 million tons of debris. For this reason, Carolyn Rodrigues-Birkett argues climate finance committees must be established to develop the “capability of those countries most vulnerable and with the least resources to respond." A few opportunities Guyana is interested in exploring are biodiversity bonds, green credits, and more, in order to quickly motivate change. These reasons emphasize why Guyana recognizes that environmental stability is fundamental to human health and why issues of climate change call for an urgent and unanimous reform in global practices. Guyana is dedicated to promoting global reform to improve environmental practices to prevent the global climate from quickly deteriorating.
“GEORGETOWN DECLARATION-Global Biodiversity Alliance – Office of the President.” Office of thePresident, 23 July 2025, https://op.gov.gy/georgetown-declaration-global-biodiversity- alliance/. “Statement by H.E. Carolyn Rodrigues-Birkett, Permanent Representative of Guyana to the UN, at theSecurity Council Arria Formula Meeting on ‘Stepping up Preventive Action: From Environmental Challenges to Opportunities for Peace.’” Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 8 July 2024, https://minfor.gov.gy/un-security-council/statement-he-carolyn-rodrigues-birkett- permanent-representative-guyana-un-4. Accessed 20 October 2025. Vander Velde, Bruno. “One small country, one giant leap for nature.” Conservation International, 26 July 2024, https://www.conservation.org/blog/one-small-country-one-giant-leap-for-nature.
Country:Hungary
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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To protect the climate for current and future generations, we recognize the importance of action being taken now and fully support efforts to combat climate change. As a member of the European Union, we have pledged ourselves to its 2019 European Green Deal, including reaching zero emissions by 2050. Additionally, our Climate Law, adopted just one year later, pledges us to reach climate neutrality by 2050 and reduce greenhouse gas production by 40% by 2030. We have transformed our solar energy to be approximately 25% of total energy production, making it the second-largest energy production method in our country, overtaking gas and coal, our previous energy suppliers. The policy we have launched in 2025, commonly called the “polluter pays principle”, mandates that the largest polluting entities within our country pay fines to the government in hopes of reducing their emissions and reaching zero emissions by 2050. The United Nations has taken action to promote safe and responsible use of nuclear energy through the International Atomic Energy Agency, which we support in hopes of keeping our fellow member states safe, as well as providing energy for our country. These efforts show that we take the small issue of climate change seriously and are committed to eliminating it, and we urge all other member states to look inward and address the needs and concerns of their people and have national interests in mind. Local solutions, brought upon by individual member states, are our best defense against climate change.
Country:Hungary
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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We recognize that globalization and interdependence have generated both economic opportunity and new vulnerabilities. The United Nations should promote a balanced approach to globalization that respects national sovereignty, cultural diversity, and the right of each Member State to determine its own path to sustainable development.
We believe that development is most effective when it strengthens self-reliance rather than dependency. The UN’s role should focus on practical cooperation that delivers measurable results by supporting national institutions, creating local employment, and enhancing resilience to external shocks. We encourage UN agencies to coordinate closely with national governments, ensuring that assistance aligns with domestic priorities and reflects the social and cultural context of each country.
We support policies that advance fair trade and predictable investment conditions as key drivers of inclusive growth. Partnerships should be built on mutual benefit and transparency, rather than conditionality. Technology transfer and education initiatives are vital, but they must respect national values and ownership. We encourage voluntary knowledge-sharing frameworks in clean energy, agriculture, and digital skills to help communities adapt to a changing global economy.
As a member of the European Union and a strong advocate of connectivity, we remain committed to the 2030 Agenda while emphasizing realistic and results-oriented cooperation. True interdependence must rest on respect, equality, and solidarity among nations. Through balanced globalization and strengthened partnerships, the United Nations can help create a world in which development serves both national independence and collective prosperity.
Country:Iceland
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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Iceland recognizes that, at the same time globalization has transformed the international economy through increased levels of trade and information exchange, interdependence remains profoundly uneven. Thus, we firmly believe in the importance of breaking down barriers to asymmetrical economic development. These barriers include cyclical poverty, unequal access to markets, and poor lending practices, the latter of which the UN and IMF are not exempt in contributing to. Perhaps unexpectedly, the 2008 Global Financial Crisis’ effect on Iceland provides an unsettling case of the cascading effects of uneven interdependence, wherein our three largest private banks defaulted en vogue with the U.S. precedent: refinancing short-term debts, increasingly risky lending, and a run on deposits. As a body, we have no choice but to learn from previous financial blunders, and so Iceland calls upon the United Nations to ensure that globalization is a shared process that reduces inequality instead of reinforcing it; all Member States must be able to participate fully in the opportunities of an interconnected world, especially through trade.
In this regard, Iceland supports initiatives such as the United Nations Development Programme’s Four Trillion Dollar Challenge, which calls for mobilizing just one percent of global wealth toward SDGs (UNCTAD, 2025). Complementally, it is imperative that we accompany this effort by a real dedication to the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development, its 17 SDGs, particularly Goal 8 on decent work and economic growth, and Goal 17 on partnerships for the goals. Assenting with paragraph 43 of the 2030 Agenda, Iceland posits that international public finance (particularly ODA) should play a vital role in complementing domestic resource mobilization in the world’s most vulnerable countries. This assistance must catalyze additional public and private investment while avoiding unsustainable debt; financing should always serve genuine developmental needs.
Country:Iceland
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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The International Court of Justice, in an advisory opinion ruled on 23 July 2025 (2025/36), reaffirmed the existence of customary international law in regards to the emission of anthropogenic greenhouse gases. This customary law establishes that States have a duty to prevent environmental harm and reinforces a duty of co-operation between States in good faith. Iceland firmly believes that climate change is an existential threat to humanity and that the development and implementation of international discourse related to climate change and environmental degradation is a requirement of our present and future. This is not a challenge that Iceland faces alone, nor something that the Nordic countries or even Europe as a continent faces in isolation. Rather, the global climate crisis challenges each and every State, organization and individual on the planet. In order to combat this existential threat, Iceland firmly supports the concepts of both individual State level responsibility and co- operation between member States.
This co-operation has already been established in the form of numerous treaties, including the Paris Climate Agreement, but global efforts have not yet led to lasting alleviation of these pressing circumstances. Iceland desires the reinforcement of existing climate agreements and the formation of a new Global Climate Task Force (GCTF) underneath the umbrella of the UNFCCC Secretariat, whose purpose will be to provide member States with the technical support to implement renewable energy and reduce fossil fuel emissions in their domestic industries. This GCTF will allow developing nations to reduce their contribution to the climate crisis whilst improving the resilience of their domestic energy grids, and allow for an increase in demand for trained specialists from developed nations. While the GCTF will cost member States, the existence of such a body will yield significant returns both economically and environmentally.
Country:India
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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The Republic of India is currently the fourth fastest growing economy in the world, because of that they are dedicated to promoting development in hand with globalization. In doing so technology, trade, and infrastructure can excel for the future of the citizens. The Republic of India faces malnourishment and economic inequalities as roadblocks to development. Globalization can allow for countries to assist each other in developing, as well as strengthening trade and international relations. With the idea of globalization in mind the Republic of India supports the growth of BRICS and allies. The Republic of India also supports eradicating poverty through equitable globalization, and climate actions. This helps the country instill a role as a global development partner for years to come. This is shown as the Republic of India has voted in favor of a resolution supporting development and globalization. Alongside that the Republic of India’s Ministry of External Affairs review from 2020 discusses improvements in healthcare and an overall vision of development within the United Nations. The Republic of India looks to expand trade and development towards a future of shared prosperity.
Country:India
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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Because of the economic challenges the country faces from the rapidly changing climate, the Republic of India is dedicated to the continued efforts of protecting the global climate so that future generations may flourish in an economically secure environment. The Republic of India has been subject to an increased frequency of natural disasters and climate refugees from neighboring states. Local air pollution has been affecting India’s economy as well with billions of dollars being lost annually from the Republic of India’s GDP. With the many negative effects of climate change, the Republic of India supports investments into green renewable energy to lower the costs for developing nations rather than relying on fossil fuels to avoid the issues it has faced. With commitments to improving the environment already in place by being a signatory in the Paris Climate Agreement, the Republic of India looks forward to expanding on efforts within the agreement. The Republic of India views economic policies being implemented as incredibly important as much of our economy depends on agriculture which depends on the climate being stable. The Republic of India is looking forward to working with other states on a plan towards making a more stable agricultural economy for all states, not just those who are the most heavily affected by the ever-changing climate.
Country:Indonesia
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
We live in a world that is increasingly intertwined and interdependent. Our modern world consists of areas like finance, trade, communication, technology, immigration, and the exchange of ideas. Unfortunately, this has brought us to a turning point. The International Community has seen how globalization has brought us closer and created great success; however, it also highlights deep problems that parallel injustice. With deep regret, the benefits of globalization have been unevenly distributed both among and within countries. A process that has caused economic and social reallocation, adversely affecting many populations and states, often leaving them behind. This is why United Nations-based organizations, such as the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the International Labor Organization (ILO), exist to have voices like nation-states. The United Nations adoption of resolution 79/1, entitled “The Pact for the Future”, and its annexes, on 22 and 23 September 2024, by the Summit of the Future, promised the need for cooperative efforts, showcasing a vision for multilateralism, just like other countries; even Indonesia is familiar with the power. Over the course of several decades, we have made efforts toward lifting people out of poverty. Indonesia believes that, as the United Nations' past resolutions mentioned above, the United Nations should urgently champion reforms to build a more equal economic order. With the issue of globalization, Indonesia has been helping developing nations through platforms like the G20, which works in tandem with the UN. Indonesia strongly urges developing countries to enhance their involvement in subsidiary bodies of the United Nations. Resolution A/RES/73/223 (2019) has laid the foundation for these bodies. Indonesia calls upon all Member States to proactively formulate and implement policies that create an inclusive globalization process. Let us prioritize assistance to reach those who are vulnerable, consistent with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) principle of leaving no one behind.
Country:Indonesia
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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Earth's climate naturally changes over time; currently, it is changing in unnatural ways. Our international community sees rapid climate change through rising sea levels, global temperatures, warming oceans, shrinking ice sheets, ocean acidification, and other environmental impacts. Every State emits greenhouse gases, although they differ greatly in the amount they expel each year. Nevertheless, people across the globe increasingly feel the widespread and often severe effects of climate change. Therefore, climate action is not just a moral obligation for developed countries but also a vital strategic imperative for developing nations to protect their valuable natural resources and future prosperity. The United Nations is very concerned about this crisis, which is why they have multiple organizations like UNEP (United Nations Environmental Programme) and GGGI (Global Green Growth Institute). Furthermore, the General Assembly adopted Resolution 79/206 stipulating that the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement serve as the primary and authoritative intergovernmental forum for negotiating and advancing the international strategy to address climate change. As mentioned above, Indonesia is part of UNFCCC and, as part of its commitment to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), has introduced the Long-Term Strategy for Low Carbon and Climate Resilience (LTS-LCCR). This strategic framework articulates a vision for transitioning toward a low-carbon and climate-resilient future through an inclusive, just, and science-based pathway. Climate change has been a deep concern, which is why at the landmark UAE (United Arab Emirates) Climate Conference (COP28) in December 2023, nearly 200 nations committed to the global goal of keeping global warming below 1.5 degrees Celsius, along with reaching net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Indonesia urges all Member States to prioritize the development of innovative solutions to achieve global environmental sustainability and align their climate action with the in depth 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and fully implement the provisions of the said Agenda.
Country:Iran, Islamic Republic of
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
Globalization has created a world in which nations are interconnected through trade, technology, and culture; however, its benefits have not been distributed equally among nations. Developing countries such as Iran continue to face barriers such as sanctions, unfair trade systems, limited access to technology, and dependence on developed countries. The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals emphasize inclusive growth and equality, yet due to historical inequalities and geopolitical power imbalances, insufficient and asymmetrical economic structures persist. The United Nations has a critical role in ensuring that globalization supports economic sovereignty and sustainable development in all states.
The Islamic Republic of Iran believes that globalization should prioritize equity, cultural respect, and national sovereignty, rather than solely focusing on market liberalization. Iran supports multilateralism and regional cooperation as the pathways towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. However, Iran also emphasizes that unilateral economic sanctions by some states violate global interdependence and block progress toward Sustainable Development Goals 1, 8, and 10, which focus on ending poverty, promoting decent work, and reducing inequality.
The Islamic Republic of Iran advocates for a model of globalization that is rooted in mutual benefit. Access to technology, investment, and trade opportunities should not be conditional on political alignment, but rather on shared committment to development and peace. The United Nations can enhance the positive effects of globalization by working towards strengthening South-South and Triangular Cooperation programs. These programs involve collaboration between developing countries, and partnerships with developed countries and multilateral organizations to exchange knowledge, skills, and resources in order to accelerate the progress of the Sustainable Development Goals. The UN should also advocate for the removal of unilateral coercive measures that isolate developing economies and create artificial barriers to growth. Member states should work towards reforming global trade rules through the World Trade Organization, to ensure more equal access for developing nations. Additionally, developed nations should fufill commitments to provide capacity-building assistance and reduce tariffs on goods from less developed countries.
There are several barriers still existing that result in asymmetrical economic development. Economic sanctions restrict the access of developing countries to global markets and financial systems. Institutional bias within global financial institutions favors developed countries, and debt dependency forces those that are underdeveloped to prioritize repayment over investment in human development. In order to combat these barriers, the Islamic Republic of Iran believes the United Nations should create a UN-managed Global Technology Sharing Fund to facilitate technology sharing between developed and developing nations. Such a mechanism would serve as a practical expression of international solidarity, and help bridge the widening technological divide that hinders the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. Additionally, United Nations support for inclusive decision-making is necessary in order to achieve these goals. Reforming voting structures in global financial institutions is needed in order to give greater representation to developing nations. Finally, Iran proposes that the United Nations work towards more sustainable investment standards. This would involve encouraging multinational corporations to align their operations with the Sustainable Development Goals through fair labor practices, environmental protection, and local reinvestment.
The Islamic Republic of Iran envisions a world where globalization is guided by justice, equality, and shared prosperity. True interdependence must mean cooperation free from domination. We believe that in order to achieve these goals, we must create a system that empowers all nations to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals through sovereignty, solidarity, and sustainable progress.
Country:Iran, Islamic Republic of
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
Paper text:
The Islamic Republic of Iran recognizes the urgent need to address the global climate crisis, especially given its vulnerability to climate-related challenges such as water scarcity, desertification, and extreme temperatures. As a developing nation, Iran stresses the importance of international collaboration to help regions like the Middle East adapt and build resilience. While Iran is committed to reducing its greenhouse gas emissions under the Paris Agreement, it believes that developed nations should take on more responsibility, in line with the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities (CBDR). This means that wealthier countries should provide financial support and share technology to help developing nations make the shift to a low-carbon economy, without jeopardizing their energy needs or economic development. Iran advocates for a climate approach that’s fair, ensuring that the specific struggles of developing nations are properly addressed.
Iran has taken several steps in response to the challenges posed by climate change, recognizing its vulnerability to environmental impacts. As a signatory to the Paris Agreement, Iran has committed to reducing its greenhouse gas emissions, although its ability to fully implement these commitments has been limited by economic sanctions and restricted access to advanced technologies. Iran has focused on combating air pollution, which is a major issue in its urban centers, and has taken initiatives to manage water resources more efficiently in response to the growing threat of droughts. Despite these efforts, Iran continues to face challenges in achieving significant progress due to a lack of financial resources and international support. Iran has emphasized the need for climate justice and for developed nations to provide financial assistance and technology to support developing countries in their climate adaptation and mitigation efforts.
In order to address these challenges, Iran proposes some of the following actions to be taken: 1. Stronger International Cooperation: Iran emphasizes the need for stronger international collaboration, particularly in terms of financial assistance and technology to help developing nations address climate impacts. 2. Focus on Climate Adaptation: Given the severe climate impacts Iran faces, especially with water scarcity and agriculture, the country proposes investing in efficient water use and soil preservation techniques to help communities better cope with changing weather patterns and protect their livelihoods. 3. Invest in Renewable Energy: Iran stresses the importance of moving towards cleaner energy and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Proposing that international community helps fund solar, wind, and energy projects, so everyone can make the switch to more sustainable energy sources. 4. Sustainable Development for All: Iran advocates for creating greener cities by supporting public transportation and eco-friendly buildings. The goal is to reduce carbon emissions in urban areas. 5. Fairness and Climate Justice: Iran believes in a fair approach to climate action. Emphasizing that wealthier countries should take on more responsibility for both reducing emissions and helping poorer countries cope with climate impacts.
Iran is dedicated to addressing climate change by working together with other countries, ensuring fair financial support, and promoting sustainable development. While Iran faces serious climate challenges, it believes that global efforts should focus on fairness and helping those who are most vulnerable. By joining forces, we can create a safer future for everyone.
Country:Iraq
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
The United Nations role in promoting development in the context of interdependence and globalization is truly admirable and will have a profound impact on the global stage in the years moving forward. The Republic of Iraq is actively engaged in the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, a bold and courageous global partnership to improve health, reduce inequality, and spur economic growth. The Republic of Iraq is a prime candidate for successful implementation of these measures as it strives to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals under Iraq Vision 2030.
Notably, the Republic of Iraq is one of the most oil dependent countries in the world. According to the World Bank Group, Oil Revenues have accounted for over 99% of Exports, 85% of the government’s budget and 42% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The Republic of Iraq is fully committed to economic diversification to end oil reliance both for economic and environmental purposes. Additionally, the Republic of Iraq’s economy has seen growth as our population grows and the demand for labor grows, with Logic Consulting going so far as to refer to Baghdad as “The world' s surprise boomtown”. This human development is key, and the Republic of Iraq believes this is worthy of partnership and investment.
The Republic of Iraq fundamentally contends that with economic diversification and increased privatization, coupled with our full-fledged commitment to supporting the United Nation’s Development goals, Iraq can effectively benefit from the fruits of globalization and interdependence. The Republic of Iraq accepts a leadership role and eagerly participates in global initiatives and agendas put forth by the United Nations, with the hopes that it can be a key partner in these projects moving forward. The Republic of Iraq continues to be actively engaged in UN agency activities in the country and is happy to host additional UN units in Iraq to fulfill our development goals.
Country:Iraq
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
Paper text:
The current state of the Middle Eastern and Northern Africa water crisis is very critical. In 2024, the United Nations’ World Water Development Report mentioned that 83% of the population in the Middle East and Northern Africa is currently affected by high water insecurity and 100% of the population will be affected by 2050. This is an urgent situation, and the Republic of Iraq urges the United Nations to take immediate action. The climate change crisis affects numerous states across the region and in other parts of the global south. The Republic of Iraq has taken action to mitigate the domestic water crisis and recently negotiated a tentative agreement with the Republic of Türkiye on water sharing and water management along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers that aims to stabilize the situation. The Republic of Iraq views Ankara as a key part of solving the water crisis. The Republic of Iraq has also hired private contractors from Power Construction Corporation of China to build a desalination plant in the area of Basrah to create more freshwater in the region, and urges the UN to assist with similar efforts in the region. The Syrian Arab Republic has also suffered greatly from the Middle East Water crisis, and confident Damascus will play a critical role in ending the water crisis, the Republic of Iraq is working to negotiate a deal. These efforts will help the region promote agricultural development. Ultimately, the Republic of Iraq is formally requesting that the United Nations help facilitate as well as partially or fully fund efforts to build desalination plants across the Middle East and Northern Africa. This investment could put a permanent end to one of the greatest humanitarian crises of the twenty-first century and see millions of people lifted out of daily water insecurity.
Country:Ireland
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
Globalization and Interdependence have connected the world through trade technology and the movement of people and ideas. Managed carefully by the UN it has the power to lift millions out of poverty and help the world achieve the SDGs rather than only benefiting a select few. Ireland believes globalization must be equitable, sustainable and aligned with the SDGs and has a strong commitment to multilateralism, cooperation, and fairness in a global economy.
Ireland views the UN as the central platform to make globalization and interdependence inclusive and allow all nations, especially developing countries, to benefit. Ireland believes the UN must strengthen international cooperation by ensuring global markets are fair and open. According to the UNCTAD framework, equitable participation in trade allows for stability and shared prosperity. Ireland supports the UNDP and UNCTAD in creating tools which lower trade barriers for developed countries, extend duty-free access, and promote transparent trade governance. As a member of the EU and a strong advocate for multilateralism Ireland supports initiatives which give developing nations greater market access and integration into global markets. Globalization is not just moral but strategic as global prosperity benefits everyone.
Ireland recognizes that technology and financing are the driving forces of sustainable globalization. Ireland supports the UNDP’s 4 trillion challenge to mobilize 1% of global wealth towards achieving the SDGs. As well as encouraging private-public partnerships and blended finance models to pull investments for developing countries. With developments and digital inclusion gaps in innovation and connectivity will be bridged. Overall the UN should encourage technology transfers, promote green innovations and strengthen local capacity building in developing countries.
In closing the UN must serve as the bridge between developed and developing countries by ensuring globalization benefits everyone. There must be renewed multinational cooperation under the SDG framework as 2030 approaches urgency is crucial. Ireland pledges to continue supporting policies which expand trade, technology and financing opportunities for small and vulnerable economies.
Country:Ireland
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
Paper text:
As climate change continues to become a bigger issue, bigger steps must be taken. These steps are being taken through international treaties. The most widely accepted and up to date of these treaties is the Paris agreement. This agreement set out to slow and eventually stop global temperatures from rising by the end of the 21st century. Methods for accomplishing this are the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions through carbon budgets and the development of green energy infrastructure, such as solar panels or wind turbines.
All developed countries have a responsibility to ensure they are assisting the least developed countries (LDCs) in their efforts to reach the Paris agreement's objective. These nations need assistance because they lack the necessary infrastructure, technology, and funding to make any significant progress on their own. Developed nations can assist LDCs by providing technologies, financial aid, and capacity building. Capacity building provides these nations with more of a means to accomplish these goals themselves, by the construction of things such as schools to provide them with the knowledge to be more self-sufficient.
A major issue with the Paris agreement is its nonbinding nature. This allows members who have signed the agreement not to follow through on the objective. To make countries more transparent on their contributions, the agreement uses biennial transparency reports (BTRs). These reports tell us what progress a nation has made towards the climate reduction goals, as well as where the money they are spending is going. Through these reports, we have determined that the majority of nations have fallen short of the objectives.
The Paris Agreement is important because it provides an outline for nations on how to combat climate change. Measuring this progress is also very crucial, as it allows us to know what nations are following through and which are not. Ireland has taken steps by implementing legislation through carbon budgets to lower our greenhouse gas emissions. But it is also committed to assisting developing countries reach the goal and is currently providing yearly financial aid to developing countries. They believe that our fellow member states need to make an improvement when it comes to the reduction of greenhouse gases.
Country:Israel
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
With advancing technologies and the rapid development of national economies, globalization has become a powerful agent of international change through its impact on trade, technology, and cultural exchange. However, many developing Member States remain excluded from its benefits and face disproportionate poverty rates. As highlighted by the September 2024 World Bank global poverty update, it was projected that 978.6 million people in Sub-Saharan Africa live beneath the poverty line of $6.85, compared to just 14.3 million people in high-income countries. This disparity underscores the urgent need for inclusive development strategies. The State of Israel affirms that the United Nations bears a critical responsibility to support developing Member States in achieving sustainable economic growth and reducing global poverty. While resolutions such as A/RES/62/199 have laid foundational principles for addressing globalization and interdependence, their impact is often limited by a lack of enforceable mechanisms and tangible methods of implementation. In response, Israel advocates for a shift toward pragmatic and actionable solutions. First, Israel emphasizes the importance of collaborative initiatives that facilitate the sharing of technology and educational resources, empowering communities to build resilient and self-sustaining economies. Second, Israel encourages the UN to promote regional cooperation frameworks, such as the Abraham Accords, which have demonstrated success in fostering trade, innovation, and diplomatic engagement across diverse nations. By championing practical strategies and viable partnerships, the United Nations can ensure that globalization becomes a vehicle for equitable development rather than heightening global divides.
Country:Israel
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
Paper text:
The State of Israel, along with the General Assembly under A/RES/43/53, recognizes that rising global temperatures and changing weather patterns pose an existential threat to humanity and the sustainability of our planet. The international community faces a choice: to act collectively to safeguard the Earth for future generations, or to risk irreversible harm to our shared home. In the past, the UN has demonstrated its leadership on climate action through the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals, especially SDG13, the Paris Climate Agreement, UNFCCC and its annual COPs. As a world leader in technological innovation and a strong proponent of SDG13, Israel reaffirms its commitment to adaptation and mitigation strategies in cooperation with the international community, Israel has made significant progress in advancing water management and processing, and we have also made strides in reaching our goal of reducing our emissions by 28% from 2005 to 2030. In alignment with Resolution A/RES/77/161, A/RES/76/300 and to support the global community, the State of Israel proposes establishing an International Climate Technology Partnership (ICTP) under the purview of GA2 to facilitate the exchange of innovations in the fields of water management, renewable energy and sustainable agriculture. The ICTP would mirror the structure of MASHAV, Israel’s own regional sustainable development technology sharing program, to facilitate the transfer of innovations in water management, solar energy and climate- smart agriculture. The State of Israel believes that addressing the issue of climate change is a moral and scientific imperative and that through this and under the previously outlined UN SDGs, together the international community can ensure a sustainable and resilient future for all Member States.
Country:Italy
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
Italy supports globalization to promote development and interdependence. Considering our position as a commodity-reliant country with the 8th largest economy in the world, we believe we have the opportunity to play a significant role in the development of a more equitable trading system. The growing disparity of development between rich and poor countries reinforces the idea that more inclusive interventions are needed to stop this trend. We stress the importance of implementing strategic interventions, so foundations for stronger and more equitable trade can be constructed. We have undertaken such intervention opportunities through the Mattei Plan. The Mattei Plan is an Italian initiative which spearheads our contribution for economic and trade development on the African continent. Through an initial investment of €5.5 billion, the plan holistically addresses development through 6 strategic pillars, Education and Training, Agriculture, Health, Energy, Water, and Infrastructure. Through this plan we will create strong trade relationships and mutually beneficial, sustainable economic activity. We also work to ensure that amid global uncertainties like tariffs, war, or pandemics we create and foster stronger partnerships to withstand these challenges. We call upon the UN to implement strategies to empower other countries disconnected from the global trade system, by building their infrastructure and growing capacity building to be able to participate in a fairer globalized trade-based economy. When we create fairer trade relationships, we can diminish the effects of wealth disparity and poverty caused by unequal development. To summarize, Italy supports initiatives that facilitate globalization and sustainable development and support UN efforts to eradicate globalized disparities amongst countries in the global trade system.
Country:Italy
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
Paper text:
Italy is aware of the impact that climate change has on the safeguard of universal human rights, such as the rights of life and dignity, and an adequate standard of living. Italy remains a signatory to the Paris Climate Agreement, as we are committed to reducing emissions by 33% by 2030 and achieving net-zero emissions by 2050. It is indisputable that women have suffered disproportionately from the consequences of climate change. Italy acknowledges that it is vital for women to participate fully in the design, planning, and implementation stages of policies regarding climate change. We believe that gender equality and women’s empowerment can be attained through integrated policies that uphold rights, promote resilience, and encourage the development of sustainable and regenerative economies. We are committed to considering gender equality as a primary objective which is why through the National Recovery and Resilience Plan, which aims to address the gender inequality through investment areas such as increasing the female labor market participation, skill development, and strengthening care services, we have allocated the Next Generation EU funds to finance and support new policies that are centered on gender transformative approaches. We want to build a future in which women can actively put their skills in the service of the Green Revolution and can effectively contribute to the fight against climate change. We envision a future where women can hold political and economic leadership roles and be able to be a forefront of guiding countries towards increased sustainability, not only environmental, but also economic and social. We emphasize the critical role that women play in peace and security, as agents of change, peacebuilders, and leaders. We support the ongoing prioritization of the Women, Peace, and Security (WPS), and will be focusing on empowering women at the community level and providing support to those affected by conflict. We urge the UN to establish a dedicated Centre of Excellence on WPS, which will support women as key figures in the fight against climate change.
Country:Jordan
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is a vital bridge in the Levant, contributing to and benefiting from global interdependence. Robust trade with the United States secures food supply, and regional alliances ensure energy security. Maintaining positive, neutral relations with neighbors, including Israel, is fundamental to our stability. Jordan's legacy of welcoming refugees demonstrates unwavering commitment to United Nations (UN) humanitarian values.
Despite our pivotal role, Jordan faces pressing challenges common to developing nations: high youth/female unemployment, significant public debt, and budget deficits. Our government pursues the Economic Modernization Vision to drive private sector investment and job creation. We prioritize youth skills, seeking international support aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Globalization's benefits are unequally shared; limited market access and heavy debt burdens, amplified by the pandemic, demand stronger global cooperation.
Jordan believes the UN must shape globalization for equitable benefit. We call for open, fair trade systems to empower developing nations. Enhanced international financial cooperation, including debt relief and concessional lending, is essential for fiscal resilience. Expanding capacity-building through agencies like the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) will improve education and training for women and young people, accelerating economic modernization. We advocate for innovative partnerships, foreign investment, and technology transfer to build a competitive and resilient global economy.
Jordan’s legacy of stability, welcoming refugees, and peaceful coexistence underscores the need for global cooperation. Our stability supports regional safety and spurs economic development via tourism. Jordan affirms the UN’s essential role in guiding globalization toward fairness and shared growth. We are ready to cooperate to ensure interdependence fulfills the promise of the SDGs.
Country:Jordan
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan views Sustainable Development Goal 13 (SDG 13) to “take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts,” as the only viable path to a prosperous future for all nations. Despite its negligible offenses (0.06-0.07% of emissions), as a water-scarce country Jordan is highly vulnerable to drought and desertification, with negative ramifications for quality of life such as heat stress, waterborne infection, famine, displacement, unemployment, poverty, and political unrest. If these ecological damages are unaddressed, the World Bank estimates a loss in gross domestic product (GDP) of up to 6% by 2050 in affected regions, with threats to agriculture and industry which disproportionately harms women, children, and refugees.
As a signatory to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Paris Agreement, Jordan has consistently advocated for pivoting from general mitigation to tangible solutions for the climate crisis, including equitable resource allocation, development resilience, and effective governance. In 2021, Jordan more than doubled our greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction target for 2030 from its initial 2016 commitment. In conjunction, Jordan has incorporated climate action into its long-term national planning, most recently in the Economic Modernization Vision for 2033. However, the implementation of our adaptation measures is often encumbered by the flawed architecture for funding and technology transfer by external entities.
Jordan thus calls upon all member states of the UN to negotiate on the reform of fiscal mechanisms for the flow of grants, conversion of Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) targets from conditional to unconditional, mobilization of private sector investment in renewable resources, mandation of the water-energy-food nexus, promotion of water efficiency, strengthening of disaster preparedness, pursuit of legal accountability via the International Court of Justice, and institutionalization of youth and gender roles in green policymaking bodies. Climate protection is a pressing matter for environmental justice and international peace that requires our global cooperation.
Country:Kenya
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
Pursuant to our shared 2030 Agenda, the Republic of Kenya urges greater economic and policy cooperation among all member states. While the isolative actions of certain member states threaten to derail our efforts, we must not waver in our commitment to fulfilling our core obligation: delivering to future generations a safe and sustainable world, free from hunger, poverty, and war.
As some member states threaten to eschew multilateralism in a misguided attempt to elevate their own private interests, Kenya and many other member states recognize that many of our own domestic issues are symptomatic of instability present in vulnerable developing states, must bind ourselves closer together. Kenya calls upon all member states, particularly those who threaten global unity, to recognize the problems of their neighbors as their own. Kenya wishes to highlight the critical role of the United Nations in promoting development through policy coordination and advocacy with a focus on sustainable development goals (SDGs), through ensuring the voices of developing nations are heard. Additionally, Kenya calls upon the United Nations to utilize previously established capacity- building tools to continue supporting efforts in areas such as governance reform, environmental conservation, and health system strengthening.
To realize our core obligation, member states must support these initiatives through greater financial contributions. Kenyan financial contribution towards SDGs has grown from $333.8 million in 2022 to $528.6 million in 2024. Kenya has also extended existing stipends through 2028 that support United Nations agencies in coordinating efforts to realize the SDGs. We have also made progress in economic growth and infrastructure, and social development through initiatives such as the Vision 2030 and the Big Four Agenda.
While recognizing the challenges posed by globalization, such as economic reorientation and environmental damage, the Republic of Kenya urges all member states to support the United Nations as a forum for the economic and policy cooperation necessary to achieve the SDGs.
Country:Kenya
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
Paper text:
The Republic of Kenya firmly believes the global climate crisis must be addressed urgently in light of the current intensity of environmental circumstances, including extreme weather events and long-term environmental changes. Kenya remains deeply committed to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, particularly SDG 13, which calls for action to combat climate change. We applaud UNHCR initiatives in arid and semi-arid regions in the intensified poverty-stricken areas of our nation, which have helped reduce environmental degradation and strengthen resilience within communities through the Operational Strategy for Environmental Sustainability (2022-2025).
Kenya’s National Action Plan to Reduce Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (NAP) reinforces our dedication to improving public health and promoting sustainable development in alignment with SDG 1. Likewise, the National Policy on Climate Finance demonstrates Kenya’s efforts to integrate water modelling and forecasting projects, promote energy efficiency, and enhance resilience amidst environmental threats.
However, our commitment to environmental conservation continues to be strained by financial constraints that limit the implementation of climate-focused initiatives. Kenya calls for increased economic support and partnerships to improve the monitoring of food- security systems during flooding, strengthen multi-year food and cash mechanisms based on early warning data, and ensure climate-proofing of infrastructure and water management systems. Achieving these objectives requires mobilizing the $62 billion funding needed under the Paris Agreement to support innovative and sustainable solutions.
Kenya believes that strengthening local climate innovation institutions, such as the Kenya Climate Innovation Center, will enhance internal and regional partnerships across Africa. We further encourage member states to invest in the transfer of technology, renewable energy initiatives, and community-based adaptation programs that collectively contribute to reducing the world’s heavy reliance on carbon-based energy sources. We affirm that future generations depend on the action taken today and remain committed to advancing climate adhering to advancing climate action and sustainable growth for all humankind.
Country:Liberia
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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In a report on globalization and interdependence by the Secretary General from the 69th Session, “Reducing inequality was at the core of the call for a New International Economic Order [NIEO] in 1974.” Since then, the UN has maintained a goal to reduce economic inequality between developed and developing countries. The Republic of Liberia believes that with the support of the UN, developed economies can mitigate the risk that globalization and interdependence have on equitable development. Liberia has made significant headway toward internal and regional development in the years following the civil war, such as the reinstitution of the Mano River Union, which focuses on economic growth of the member countries. As a member of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), Liberia has taken the initiative to host the 41st General Assembly of the ECOWAS Brown Card Insurance Scheme, a system that insures vehicles of member states when crossing borders; thus, relying on interdependence to develop the region. According to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 54 countries worldwide, which make up over 50% of the poorest people worldwide, are undergoing a debt crisis due to foreign loan distribution; a primary issue for economic inequality. With this in mind, Liberia urges Member States to adopt an approach similar to Liberia Vision 2030 -- decreasing dependency on loans, with a focus on developing internally, using the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development as a framework. One specific way UN Least Developed Countries (LDCs) can act is to prioritize Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as Liberia is also pursuing. FDI also ensures that LDCs work toward developing a comparative advantage in their respective states in order to reduce economic inequality and debt. Liberia strongly encourages Member States to enact legislation and programs that promote FDI, thus benefiting the developing and developed countries’ markets and economies.
Country:Liberia
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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Global frameworks such as the Paris Agreement, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, alongside pledges to triple climate finance to $300 billion annually by 2035, provide a foundation for international cooperation and sustainable financing. Regionally, the Republic of Liberia aligns its strategy with Africa’s Agenda 2063 and the Economic Community of West African States Agenda 2050, emphasizing South-South cooperation and shared responsibility in addressing climate change. Liberia has implemented the Agriculture, Roads, Rule of Law, Education, Sanitation, and Tourism (ARREST) Agenda for Inclusive Development (AAID) (2025-2029). This plan harmonizes national priorities with global frameworks such as the Doha Program of Action and the African Continental Free Trade Area. Liberia’s vision is structured around four critical pillars for economic and environmental development: Environmental Governance, Forestry Ecosystem Conservation and Restoration, Renewable Energy, and Solid Waste Management. These areas aim to strengthen climate adaptation, promote green infrastructure investment, and reduce deforestation by 50% while generating carbon credits to finance conservation. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a significant attribution gap persists in low- income regions due to limited access to climate data, research funding, and technical capacity. Liberia offers a replicable model for other vulnerable nations seeking to integrate environmental sustainability into developing planning. Liberia calls on all willing and able Member States for increased technological transfer, capacity building, and equitable access to climate finance to close the gap. Moreover, Liberia strongly urges Member States to fulfill their financial and technical commitments, enhance multilateral partnerships, and support locally driven solutions to ensure a just and sustainable future for all.
Country:Libya
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
The Delegation of Libya recognizes that globalization, as defined by the United Nations, is the integration of economies and societies on a global scale, characterized by growing interdependence among the world’s economies, cultures, and populations. It advances through trade, technology, migration, and cooperation across all regions. The United Nations plays a leading role in promoting sustainable development alongside the World Bank, WTO, NGOs, and regional bodies such as the Arab League and African Union. Globalization affects all people and nations, making equitable and sustainable development urgent. While developed countries promote new opportunities for cooperation, developing nations such as Libya seek fair participation and equal access to opportunities to avoid deepening inequalities. The United Nations reaffirmed its role in Resolution 60/204 (22 December 2005), which promotes cooperation for sustainable development through all institutions. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, particularly Goals 8 and 10, calls for inclusive economic growth and reduced inequality among nations. UN Secretary-General António Guterres has emphasized the need for “a fair globalization that leaves no one behind.” NGOs such as ActionAid International, Global Justice Now, and the International Trade Union Confederation also contribute to this goal. The Delegation of Libya notes that globalization has provided access to international markets and investment opportunities but also presents challenges due to political instability. Libya participates in the Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (2023–2025) to modernize trade infrastructure and encourage private sector engagement. The Delegation of Libya proposes UNCTAD-led inclusion programs to help all nations participate in global activities, missions for technology transfer, and a globalization center to measure impacts on both developed and developing countries. The Delegation further urges Member States to expand market access, strengthen capacity-building, and ensure globalization promotes fairness, inclusivity, and sustainability for all nations.
Country:Libya
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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The Delegation of Libya understands that climate change is a serious problem that affects everyone, now and in the future. Protecting the climate means reducing pollution, limiting greenhouse gases, and taking care of natural resources. This is a global issue that affects all countries, but developing nations like Libya are especially vulnerable to things like droughts, water shortages, and extreme weather. It is important to act now so that people, communities, and the environment are safe and can continue to grow and develop. The United Nations has been working on this issue for a long time. Important actions include the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992) and the Paris Agreement (2015), which aim to limit global warming. The UN Secretary-General António Guterres has said that “climate change is the defining issue of our time.” NGOs such as Greenpeace and the World Wildlife Fund also help countries and communities take action on climate change. For Libya, climate change has caused droughts, coastal erosion, and challenges for agriculture, which affect food and livelihoods. The Delegation of Libya supports international efforts to help vulnerable countries and believes in promoting renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, and climate adaptation programs. Libya wants the UN to focus on helping developing countries with funding, technology, and knowledge sharing. The Delegation of Libya suggests that the UN improve climate finance programs, support renewable energy projects, and provide training for countries to handle climate challenges. Member States should work to reduce emissions, protect their natural resources, and invest in sustainable infrastructure. By acting together and supporting each other, the Delegation of Libya believes we can protect the global climate for everyone today and for future generations.
Country:Lithuania
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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The Republic of Lithuania recognizes the vital role of the General Assembly Second Committee in addressing contemporary challenges related to international economic growth and sustainable development. As a member state dedicated to multilateral cooperation and the principles of the United Nations Charter, Lithuania underscores the necessity of comprehensive strategies for advancing global economic stability, poverty reduction, and responsible financial practices. The rapidly evolving dynamics of the global economy demand persistent commitment to existing frameworks and innovative approaches to tackle emerging economic and financial challenges that affect all Member States. Lithuania understands how powerful globalization can be when managed responsibly. As a small but open economy that depends heavily on trade, Lithuania has seen how global connections can boost development and innovation. Its educated workforce, strong European partnerships, and participation in global markets have helped the country grow quickly. At the same time, Lithuania recognizes that globalization often leaves some nations behind. Lithuania believes globalization and interdependence must work for developing nations, not just the most advanced economies. The country supports fair trade, technology sharing, and financial cooperation that help developing states strengthen their economies and reduce inequality. By promoting inclusive partnerships, Lithuania aims to ensure that every nation benefits equally from global progress.
Country:Lithuania
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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Climate protection is another major focus for Lithuania. The country is part of the Paris Agreement and other key UN climate initiatives. Lithuania has pledged to cut its greenhouse gas emissions by at least 70 percent below 1990 levels by 2030 and aims for all electricity to come from renewable sources by that time. It believes the UN should push for stronger accountability, more funding for developing countries, and cooperation on green technologies. To address the environmental consequences of rapid global growth, Lithuania supports transitioning toward renewable energy, promoting green technology transfer, and strengthening sustainable infrastructure in developing nations. Lithuania supports partnerships that connect trade incentives with clear environmental standards, backed by transparent monitoring to ensure real progress toward low-carbon development.
Country:Luxembourg
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
Globalization has been front and center in recent years after COVID-19 and with the new tariffs placed by the new US administration. Globalization provides many benefits like lower costs, higher GDP, and higher purchasing power parity (Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago 2007). Throughout the years since WWII this has proved to be a successful form of trade, but in recent years with the rise of inequality, supply chain chokes exposed by COVID-19, and high inflation, the pros and cons of globalization are being re-evaluated.
Historically, Luxembourg has heavily relied on globalization as 47.2% of its residents are foreigners. Its economy is rooted in globalization as 25% of its GDP comes from foreign banking activity in the country, as many multinational banks operate out of Luxembourg. Despite the massive benefits of being a hub for European and transparent finance, Luxembourg has taken steps to diversify its economy to better absorb shocks and to further enable local companies to succeed. While tariffs are low, Luxembourg has started taking steps in investing in local industry instead of investing in attractive foreign capital. This shift is part of the global move away from globalization. While Luxembourg is not self- sufficient and does rely on globalization, it is something worth considering that even a small country like Luxembourg is taking protectionist measures. That begs the question, is globalization under attack, or is there a greater cultural shift towards nationalism?
While Luxembourg is keen on protecting local industry, it is also keen to incentivize competition. While some support may be given, Luxembourg is a large proponent of free markets. It has recently decentralized electricity and gas from the government, letting the market compete. While Luxembourg remains a highly free country, pushes are being made to protect more of the locals from the drawbacks of globalization from parties like the ADR.
Overall, Luxembourg is a staunch supporter of globalization. Its economy relies heavily on international finance, free movement of capital, and free trade. This has helped contribute to Luxembourg’s financial success, but recent trends have shifted Luxembourg from a free trade utopia to a country that is also looking to protect some domestic industry. Consistent with the global trend, Luxembourg is in favor of globalization while also protecting local industries and citizens when necessary.
Country:Luxembourg
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
Paper text:
Climate change is a serious issue that poses a vast array of environmental consequences including rising temperatures, rising sea levels, droughts, flooding, and others (NOAA, 2025). Specifically, some areas around the world are experiencing heavier rainfall events while others are experiencing less precipitation; this leads to flooding in some areas and droughts in others which lead to disruptions in agriculture and other societal functions (NOAA, 2025). This combined with a higher frequency of extreme weather events leads to disruptions in agricultural production as well as health related risks from wildfires, floods, and natural disasters (NOAA 2025). The rate of climate change has been exacerbated by the increase of CO2 emissions all while countries commit to reducing them despite the fact that these promises have yet to come to fruition.
In recent years, Luxembourg has made significant progress in cutting emissions and has passed climate laws that dictate the country must become carbon neutral by 2050 and must cut emissions by 55% between 2005 and 2030 (European Parliament, 2024). So far, Luxembourg has reduced net emissions by 35.7% from 2005 to 2023 which is greater than the EU average of 30.5% over the same period (European Parliament, 2024). In 2020, Luxembourg passed the 2020 Climate Law which set these targets and stipulates that emissions budgets must be set every 10 years and the law also established a climate and energy fund (European Parliament, 2024). The 2024 specific recommendations noted the importance of reducing the country's reliance on fossil fuels through further promoting of electric vehicles and public transportation (European Parliament, 2024). One way that Luxembourg has worked towards these goals is through government subsidies that support renewable energy solutions and energy efficient infrastructure (City of Luxembourg, 2025). Overall, Luxembourg has made significant progress in cutting emissions and advancing climate goals that are consistent with the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals.
Based on Luxembourg's own success in combatting the effects of climate change, the delegation of Luxembourg urges other member states to invest in renewable energy and other climate friendly technology through the use of government subsidies. Luxembourg also urges member states to adopt climate plans and emissions budgets to stay on track with their goals to cut emissions.
Country:Malta
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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Malta believes that the role of the United Nations is to be a symbol of hope. We stress that it is imperative to find lasting solutions to challenges regarding gender, race, religion, age, disability, and sexual equality. We affirm the UN’s statement that “global problems require global solutions”. We emphasize that the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is a key tool for ensuring globalization leads to inclusive growth and fairness in regard to human rights. Malta stresses the importance of working with other smaller nations to help developing countries in a way that acknowledges global interdependence as well as local specificity. We affirm that the national prosperity of Malta is heavily dependent on global systems and therefore stress the importance of working together with the UN to protect the health and economic uses of the sea. Malta would also like to reaffirm our support of “islands for islands” initiatives and integrated ocean governance.
Country:Malta
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
Paper text:
The Republic of Malta believes in the fundamental truth that as leaders within the United Nations endowed with power and influence, we bear a collective responsibility to safeguard our planet from all forms of harm, including those that arise from the pollution of mankind. Global temperatures have risen by 1.2 degrees Celsius as a result of human activities and show little to no signs of slowing down in the foreseeable future. As a small island nation in the Mediterranean, the Republic of Malta has already and will continue to experience the effects of climate change through rising sea levels, increased temperatures, and damage to marine ecosystems. In response to this crisis, Malta fully supports the United Nations’ adoption and implementation of the Paris Agreement, which supports global mitigation and adaptation measures to limit temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius. The Republic of Malta is legally bound to reach climate neutrality as of 2050 under the 2024 Climate Action Act, updated from the 2021 Low Carbon Developmental Strategy. Recognizing the growing threat of climate change, Malta urges the international community to unite in its efforts to protect our shared environment. As said by our former Malta president, George Vella, “it is the duty of all of us to act in this direction and to adopt concrete policies to this effort. Raise public awareness, educate, and inspire in everyone the ethics of environmental responsibility. Not only for the present, but also for the future of our children and generations to come.” Malta emphasizes the urgent need for collective global action and sustainable development to address the crippling effects of climate change. Malta calls upon developed nations to uphold their financial commitments to protect and defend the precious environment of our world. Only together, as an international community, can we preserve the planet for present and future generations.
Country:Monaco
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
As an organization, the United Nations focuses on “creating a world with sustainable peace—a world without poverty or hunger, and where all have health and education. A world where we honor and protect life under water and on land. A world of peace and justice for all." It is impossible to achieve these goals and promote development in these areas without acknowledging globalization and interdependence. To create a world where everyone lives free of fear, it's essential to work together and support each other until we are strong enough to stand on our own. The United Nations, being a symbol of globalization, must act in this.
The United Nations has acknowledged this issue before. For example, the general assembly resolution A/RES/54/231 addressed the growth of IT (especially within the economy) and called on the United Nations, as well as major developed Member States, to support other Member States so that they were not abandoned in this new age of technology. Additionally, the United Nations has been striving to attain the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs act as a vision board, setting goals for the UN to support the entire world in ensuring the lives of all people are fulfilling and free of suffering.
The Principality of Monaco has done its fair share in promoting development as well, being a participant in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Through the OECD, the Principality of Monaco directly contributes to the SDGs fiscally. In 2024, the Principality of Monaco contributed 28.9 million USD as development assistance. Furthermore, within the Principality of Monaco, there is a development assistance program called the Prince’s Government’s Public Aid for Development. This program “supports more than 150 projects every year in 11 partner countries, primarily least developed countries”.
Evidently, action is consistently taking place to promote development in the context of globalization and interdependence, but we must not remain complacent. Member states must see the SDGs as dire objectives that are above national priorities. We must view all people, no matter the country of origin, as equal and deserve support. The survival of developing Member States is up to the entire United Nations, and if we let our own desires for power get in the way of providing for the rest of the world, we are no better than the dictatorships that preceded us.
Country:Monaco
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
Paper text:
The global climate of our world is evidently a highly regarded issue that, if not approached properly, could lead to our planet’s demise. Our planet is warming up faster than it ever has before due to the extensive use of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions. Our environment, atmosphere, and ecosystems are immensely interconnected, meaning that the warming of our world is the first of many fatal problems. From 2030 to 2050, climate change will cause “approximately 250,000 additional deaths per year from malnutrition, malaria, diarrhea, and heat stress”. Clearly, action must be taken to prevent the impending death of our world.
So far, the United Nations has already made efforts to slow the warming of our planet. An example of this is the Paris Agreement (Decision 1/CP. 21). Under this agreement, Member States “agreed to substantially reduce global greenhouse gas emissions”. The United Nations has also created a convention on climate change, which funds developing Member States to emit less greenhouse gases, as well as calling on developed Member States to do the same.
The Principality of Monaco has supported such efforts by the United Nations and some, founding and consistently participated in the Environmental Integrity Group (EIG). The EIG is a coalition of Member States that strives to, in short, improve our climate. Through the EIG, the principality of Monaco works with a large variety of member states, bridging the gap between developed and developing Member States.
Developed Member States must prioritize working with developing Member States to confirm there is participation in the Paris Agreement from all Member States. Additionally, all Member States (especially the group of 20) should strive to make stronger pledges/efforts to protect our climate, as the Paris Agreement was a mere first step in the long process of protecting our planet. This committed and progressive approach suggests that there should be more frequent and in-depth reports on Nationally Determined Contributions. Leading Member States to be more self-aware of the harm they are perpetrating on Planet Earth.
Country:Morocco
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
The United Nations (UN) has long prioritized globalization and economic interdependence as a method of addressing economic problems. Despite efforts made in the 1960 United Nations Development Decade to promote equal development opportunities, economic development has remained inequitably dispersed between the Most Developed Countries (MDCs) and Least Developed Countries (LDCs). In order to address this, the UN codified the Declaration of the Right to Development in 1986. As a formerly colonized nation who only gained its independence in 1956, the Kingdom of Morocco strongly recognizes the continued importance of this issue, the Kingdom of Morocco is proud to have voted in affirmation of resolution A/RES/79/216 which works towards the resolution of this issue. The creation of reliable pathways to national internet access within Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) member states is also a vital part of empowering Moroccans to join the global community. The Kingdom of Morocco would like to emphasize the importance of decolonization and national autonomy in the consideration of this issue. It is vital that this body consider how the vision of inclusive development must not be limited to the vision of a single member state or outdated colonial narratives. Within the Western Sahara, Morocco has been committed to a form of development that prioritizes the needs of our people. To this end, the Kingdom of Morocco has invested over 36.5 million dirhams into the development of education, healthcare, and youth engagement. Morocco urges member states present to reconsider the Moroccan Autonomy Plan that would enable us to conduct necessary work towards the development of the Western Sahara. The Kingdom of Morocco looks forward to fruitful collaboration with other African and MENA member states to develop region focused solutions that enable our nations to move forward towards a more equitable development future.
Country:Morocco
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
Paper text:
Since 1992, addressing climate change has been a major part of the United Nations (UN) agenda. The Kingdom of Morocco was proud to sign in affirmation of establishing the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1995. The effects of climate change are felt by all member states but it does not impact us all equally. Countries in the Middle Eastern North African (MENA) region are at a significantly higher risk from climate disasters due to decades of occupation and a current inequitable distribution of global capital towards sustainably developing Least Developed Countries (LDCs). The Kingdom of Morocco is a nation that has been greatly impacted by climate change, especially Land and Forest Degradation and Desertification (LFDD). Within our nation's borders is a long coastline, large swaths of desert, and vast forests. The Kingdom of Morocco recognizes that this increases our vulnerability to climate disasters such as rising sea level, desertification, and water scarcity. With the severity of these issues in mind, the Kingdom of Morocco has increased our unconditional climate emissions reduction goal to 18.3% by 2030. To do this, Morocco has implemented our domestic climate change policy Politique du Changement Climatique au Maroc with the goal of addressing the most pressing issues within our nation.The Kingdom of Morocco is proud of its efforts to avert the effects of climate change domestically, such as our investments in fifty different renewable energy projects. The Kingdom of Morocco also plans to invest over 323 billion dirhams by the year 2030 for adaptation efforts related to overcoming climate difficulties. The Kingdom of Morocco looks forward to productive conversations with regional partners and other member states towards the protection of our shared climate future.
Country:Netherlands
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
The Kingdom of the Netherlands recognizes that globalization and interdependence are defining features of the modern era, reshaping international trade, communications, and development opportunities. As one of the most interconnected nations in the world, the Netherlands is firmly committed to advancing sustainable development through international cooperation and the framework of the United Nations. As home to the largest port in Europe, Rotterdam, the Netherlands has been a beacon of international trade and a vital link to nearly every country participating in international trade. Recognizing this the Netherlands cannot begin to stress how important global cooperation and communication is to foundational principle of partnership that this committee and the UN as a whole champion.
Acknowledging these struggles the Netherlands calls for action in 3 ways. The enhancement of global cooperation on trade and investment, a renewed focus on promotion and innovation of sustainable growth, and finally the strengthening global cooperation through global Partnerships. The Kingdom of the Netherlands looks forward to working with any and all member nations that are serious about strengthening global ties and promoting free and fair trade.
Country:Netherlands
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
Paper text:
The Kingdom of the Netherlands stands affirmed with the sustainable development goals of the United Nations, including goal 13 and goal 15, which promote preventing climate change and preserving life on land. With a quarter of our country residing below sea level, if the sea were to rise one meter, most of our country, industry, and livelihood would be flooded. It is for these reasons that the Netherlands is in support of any resolution that will reduce climate change and protect the environment on land and in the sea.
Country:New Zealand
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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New Zealand recognizes that globalization and interdependence have connected economies through trade and technology, yet they have also deepened inequality between Member States. As a small, open, and trade-based nation, New Zealand believes that fair, inclusive globalization is essential for sustainable growth. We remain committed to a rules-based international system that encourages cooperation among Member States, intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and civil society. The United Nations (UN) has long led efforts to make globalization more equitable. The Declaration on the Right to Development (1986) affirmed development as a human right; the Millennium Development Goals (2000) set measurable global targets to reduce poverty; and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (2015) introduced 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to guide international progress by 2030. New Zealand actively supports these frameworks, aligning our national Wellbeing Budget with SDG 8 on decent work and economic growth and SDG 13 on climate action. Through partnerships with the Pacific Islands Forum and the UN Development Programme (UNDP), New Zealand promotes renewable energy by funding solar and wind projects in Small Island Developing States (SIDS), strengthens climate resilience through the Pacific Resilience Facility, and supports sustainable livelihoods via the New Zealand Aid Programme. To strengthen globalization and interdependence, we urge the UN to expand targeted development financing through the UNDP and regional development banks to ensure predictable funding for SIDS and least developed countries. We recommend establishing an UN-coordinated Digital Partnership Platform to share technology and bridge the global digital divide. New Zealand advocates integrating climate-resilient trade standards into global supply chains through cooperation between the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the UN Environment Programme (UNEP). New Zealand remains committed to collaboration and shared responsibility, working with Member States, IGOs, and NGOs to ensure that globalization and interdependence deliver inclusive prosperity, environmental sustainability, and peace for all.
Country:New Zealand
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
Paper text:
New Zealand recognizes climate change as the most urgent and complex challenge confronting the international community. As a Pacific nation, New Zealand witnesses firsthand the existential threat that rising sea levels, ocean acidification, and intensifying storms pose to small, developing island states, which may face partial or complete submersion within decades. Protecting the global climate is therefore not solely an environmental priority but a moral, economic, and security obligation to present and future generations. New Zealand reaffirms our steadfast commitment to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (1992) and the Paris Agreement (2015), emphasizing the shared duty to limit global temperature rise to 1.5 °C. New Zealand calls upon the UN General Assembly, the Conference of the Parties (COP), and UN agencies, including UNDP and UNEP, to operationalize the Loss and Damage Fund, expand contributions to the Green Climate Fund, and integrate climate action across all pillars of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, particularly SDG 13 on climate action. Domestically, New Zealand demonstrates leadership through the Climate Change Response (Zero Carbon) Amendment Act 2019, which legally commits the nation to net-zero carbon emissions by 2050, guided by the Climate Change Commission. The Emissions Reduction Plan advances renewable energy, sustainable transport, agricultural innovation, and native forest restoration, demonstrating that economic growth can be aligned with environmental responsibility. Internationally, New Zealand participates in the Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases and supports the Pacific Resilience Facility, strengthening capacity-building and adaptation across vulnerable communities. New Zealand urges all Member States, IGOs, NGOs, and citizens to enact evidence-based legislation, expand UN-led technology-sharing and education initiatives, and cooperate equitably. Only through collective, accountable action can humanity preserve a resilient, low-emission planet for present and future generations.
Country:Nigeria
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
Since its founding, the United Nations (UN) has played an important role in developing globalization and interdependence through establishment of common goals, mutual aid, and international cooperation significantly improving the global economy and standards of living in several Member States. However, several existing barriers in development like rising inequality, poor labor conditions, pollution, corruption, and debt overshadow benefits of globalization. Additionally, systemic challenges like conflicts, diseases, lack of access to education, and dependency on resources prevent developing states from full participation in the global economy. Nigeria remains committed to fostering sustainable and inclusive development. We believe addressing these issues through collaborative common efforts would uplift the socio-economic well-being of the world.
The last Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 17 “Partnerships For The Goals,” cannot be completed without the cooperation of Member States and a striving for globalization and interdependency. Nigeria is implementing the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCTFA) and, with the United Nations Development Programme, has launched a Market Access Tool to guide businesses in meeting export requirements, which represents 95% of Nigerian businesses employing 75% of the workforce. The Nigerian Export Promotion Council supports businesses through incentives such as the Export Expansion Grant and Export Development Fund, while initiatives like an intra-African air cargo corridor reduce delivery times and costs. In addition, we are promoting and improving exports in agro- processing and textiles to increase global competitiveness.
To achieve development, Nigeria firstly calls on Member States to improve access to global markets by reducing the number of trade barriers like tariffs, license requirements, quotas, and targeted subsidies that distort global markets. Secondly, provide access to financing, training, and technical assistance to build trade skills and support developing countries to grow new industries. Lastly, to cooperate with global and regional organizations and support regional trade agreements such as the AfCFTA. Nigeria believes that through these practices, the UN can foster the economy and overall well-being of the world.
Country:Nigeria
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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The impacts of climate change can be seen all throughout the world, with an estimated 99% of the world breathing in polluted air. The Federal Republic of Nigeria became the first African nation to join the BreatheLife Network. This network can greatly improve the air quality, thus improving the quality of life for many Nigerian citizens. The Federal Republic of Nigeria has been a part of the Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) since 2012, this is due to the impacts we are already facing from climate change.
Along with the impacts of climate change, Nigerian citizens are deeply impacted by food inflation. Over 46% of Nigerian citizens live below the poverty line. The increase in the price of food, due to the 2022 floods, disproportionately impacts poor citizens who spend 70% of their income on food. After the change in administration in 2023, President Bola Ahmed Tinubu, with help from the World Bank, performed macroeconomic reforms aimed at restoring growth and stability to the country. Nigeria has pledged to achieve a 20% unconditional reduction in greenhouse emissions and a 47% conditional reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030. The Nigerian Government has implemented the Climate Change Act of Nigeria as of 2021, this was created to drive the country in the correct direction towards a net zero. Nigeria is on the correct track to meet our Paris Agreement Goal by 2030.
Observing the effects and impacts of climate change globally, the Federal Republic of Nigeria calls upon its Member States to boost the enforcement of air quality regulations and cut back on greenhouse gas emissions. Nigeria supports the Paris Agreement by urging Member States to implement further measures to ensure the Paris Agreement goals are reached. Additionally, Nigeria also hopes to further collaborate with the World Bank and other organizations in their efforts to provide economic assistance for Member States experiencing hardship.
Country:Pakistan
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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Thanks to unprecedented advances in technology, we are seeing massive global economic growth. It is unfortunate that this growth is not something that is mutely shared between everyone. Globally, many countries are struggling to reach their Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Sustainable development is not cheap, and many countries don't have the monetary or material resources to progress forward. They need the investment from the UN if we are to reach our goals and create a better life for their citizens and, by proxy, the world. Low and middle income countries should not be left behind as the rich and powerful nations develop. If the world develops unsustainably, we will only be incurring an environmental debt that the future generations will have to pay. The UN has always been focused on growth through international cooperation. This can be seen in anything from programs like the Technical Assistance for Economic Development program in 1948 to the 1960s being named the Development Decade to more recent efforts like 17 SDGs. The UN is currently implementing programs like the UNDP 4 trillion dollar challenge and the Strategic plan of 2022-2025. Pakistan has been working closely with several countries, mainly China, to both improve the welfare of our citizens. Internally, we have been working to our agriculture industry and generate more clean energy. Together, these will strengthen both our economy and our environment. This could be a possible path forward for other developing countries, but without UN assistance, development could be timely and troublesome. We can only make progress in developing the human race if the progress is global, no country should be left behind. Everyone has a right to development, and it is our duty to ensure that everyone has the resources they need to do so.
Country:Pakistan
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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The climate change issue is very important to us as we are one of the countries that has been impacted the most by this crisis. Massive floods have destroyed our farms and communities because of the rising temperatures and sea levels. This is an urgent emergency that requires immediate action. We encourage member states to continue to try to reduce carbon emotions, increase biodiversity, and to reduce pollution. Increasing our investment in clean energy is one of the best pathways to reach our emission reduction targets. Past efforts by the UN to solve the climate crisis has been numerous. The 1972 Action plan for the environment, the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, the 1992 UNFCCC, and then later the Paris Agreement are just a few examples of the efforts made thus far. Still more needs to be done. The several states plan to contribute 300 billion to developing countries by 2035. Pakistan emits less than 1 percent of global emissions, yet we are expanding our use of clean energy. Those who are contributing the most to the climate crisis ought to pay the most, as to protect those suffering the most. Monetary aid is helpful, but also emergency support services to help the developing countries that are being hit the hardest. The Paris Agreement goals still have yet to be met. Fossil fuels still make up a large portion of our global energy usage and are one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gasses in our atmosphere. Investing in clean energy and phasing out fossil fuels is necessary for our future. Finally, remaining transparent and holding ourselves accountable to our actions will help us build public trust will help facilitate our actions in building a better tomorrow.
Country:Panama
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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Globalization has accelerated economic growth but has also deepened inequality among and within States, making sustainable development increasingly dependent on effective global cooperation. The issue is on the UN agenda because global interdependence creates both opportunities and vulnerabilities: while open trade and innovation foster progress, many developing countries still face structural barriers that prevent equitable benefits. Without coordinated policies to ensure inclusive growth, smaller economies risk being marginalized in the global market.
The United Nations has long recognized these challenges. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, particularly Goal 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) and Goal 17 (Partnerships for the Goals), calls for stronger international cooperation and fair globalization. The UNCTAD, UNDP, and the Second Committee itself have emphasized South-South cooperation, technology transfer, and capacity-building as key tools to address disparities in global development. Panama fully supports these initiatives and has participated in multiple UNCTAD conferences and regional dialogues within ECLAC, promoting economic integration and sustainable logistics. As a small, open economy strategically positioned at the heart of global trade, Panama understands the benefits and risks of interdependence firsthand. The Panama Canal connects nearly 7% of global maritime commerce, facilitating trade between continents and supporting the development of other Member States that depend on efficient shipping routes. Revenues from the Canal have enabled Panama to invest in infrastructure and social programs, demonstrating how global interdependence can be mutually beneficial when managed responsibly. At the same time, Panama recognizes that globalization must not come at the cost of national sovereignty or social equity.
Panama believes two key steps should be taken: First, the UN should strengthen regional cooperation mechanisms, particularly through ECLAC and UNDP, to help Latin American and Caribbean States diversify their economies, enhance digital connectivity, and reduce dependency on a single export or trade route. Second, Panama proposes the establishment of a UN-supported Global Logistics Partnership, promoting technology sharing, green infrastructure, and sustainable transport to ensure that interdependence fosters resilience rather than vulnerability. Through these actions, Panama reaffirms its commitment to collaborative globalization that benefits all nations equitably.
Country:Panama
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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Climate change fundamentally impacts Panama. Rising global temperatures, driven by an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, have led to coastline erosion, rising seas, and biodiversity loss. These changes pose a threat to Panama’s role in global trade. The Panama Canal, accounting for 5% of maritime trade and 40% of US container traffic, has been hit by a drought, restricting the daily number of goods passing through by over 30%, causing a 2.9% drop in GDP in the last year. On the other hand, Panama’s coastal region suffers from rising sea levels, contributing monumentally to biodiversity loss, thus weakening Panama’s resilience to climate change. In response, Panama has taken a leading role in addressing rising temperatures. At the 2015 COP21 Conference in Paris, Panama promoted joint climate financing for developing nations, emphasized Latin American climate collaboration, and supported the use of forests as carbon sinks. Panama continues to work closely with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), UNEP, and UNESCO to help fulfill our environmentally ambitious Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) goals and to craft environmentally sustainable policies. Panama has proved successful in these collaborations, remaining one of only three countries in the world that are carbon negative. UN cooperation assists Panama in carrying out Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 13, 14, and 15 that were adopted at the UN 2030 Agenda Conference in 2015. Bordering both the Atlantic and Pacific, Panama is among the first to face the impacts of climate change, therefore open to collaboration with countries that are leading in renewable energy development, green finance, and climate control initiatives. The Panama Canal remains a key component to international trade and a tool for global commerce. Panama reiterates the importance of every Member State to reduce the effects of climate change. Specifically, Panama considers it vital to every major patron of the Panama Canal; The United States, China, Columbia, Japan, and South Korea, increase their country’s resilience to climate change by collaborating with Panama and the UN.
Country:Philippines
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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The United Nations identifies disparities between the costs and benefits of globalization among developed and developing nations. This is supported in the International Development Strategy for the Second United Nations Development Decade (1970) which strategizes policies to promote increased interdependence, and in resolution 55/2, where the UN formally adopts the Millenium Development Goals, with MDG 8 emphasizing multilateral donors to increase technical and financial assistance to countries to meet specific development needs. The UN draws links between low member state participation and lack of progress in the Human Development Report (2000). Regionally, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) encourages economic growth through their ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) initiative, promoting a single Southeast Asian market to promote free flow of goods and capital to enhance economic integration. In resolution 81/2, the UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) encourages Member States to strengthen regional ties to promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth and urban development. The World Bank reports high income inequality in the Philippines, with a GINI coefficient above 40 and the top 1% holding 17% of national income with 14% of income shared by the bottom 50%. This has persisted due to lack of upward mobility prospects, lack of innovation, and lasting effects from COVID-19. Disproportionate globalization effects are addressed in the Philippine Development Plan (PDP), which aims to promote job creation, reduce poverty, and build a more globally inclusive and competitive market. Resolution 77/175, adopted by consensus, calls for a globalization process that benefits all people and societies, promoting financing for development of trade systems with the World Trade Organization (WTO) and debt relief. Harmful effects of trade restrictions by developed nations on developing countries is recognized in resolution 46/210, for which the Philippines voted in favor. The Philippines advocates for fairer global trade rules and market access over development assistance to create greater economic self-sufficiency, and seeks to foster deeper conversations regarding the establishment of the Global Crisis Response Group on Food, Energy and Finance as welcomed by resolution 77/175. In recognizing the reforms in the international financial system to make it more responsive to developing countries, promote the free flow of capital, and strengthen economically cooperative initiatives, the Philippines hopes to come to consensus with other member states on actionable steps that can be taken to make such reforms feasible.
Country:Philippines
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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The Paris Agreement, adopted at the 2015 UN Climate Change Conference (COP21) addresses global climate concerns and provides economic and social frameworks to cut harmful gas emissions. Resolution 70/1 supports this and formally adopts the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with SDG 13 calling upon Member States to integrate climate change measures into national policies. However, significant progress is lacking, with the 1.5°C global warming limit established at COP21 being exceeded in 2024 and remaining breached. The Coral Triangle Initiative, a multilateral partnership among Indo-Pacific countries, addresses climate change and biodiversity preservation by facilitating sustainable development cooperation through their Regional Plan of Action (RPOA). The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), through the Bio-Circular-Green Economic Model, promotes clean technologies and enhances renewable energy efficiency. The World Bank identifies the Philippines as at-risk for severe climate change impacts, with rising sea levels and extreme heat increasing risks for a potential 6% loss in annual GDP by 2100. The Philippines works to protect the global climate through their Climate Change Commission, which implements environmental protective policies. The Philippines’ host position of the International Fund against Climate-related Loss and Damage supports this and provides financial assistance to vulnerable developing nations affected by climate change impacts. Human rights council resolution 59/25, which the Philippines sponsored, urges Member States to fulfill climate finance goals and assist developing nations with ethical transition to low-carbon economies. Resolution 77/276, adopted by consensus, builds upon this and requests the opinion of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on climate change obligations. The Philippines is committed to climate justice through the use of resilience-focused adaptation plans, renewable energy solutions, and integration into national policies at all levels of government. As an environmentally vulnerable island nation, the Philippines calls upon Member States to delegate funds to ensure sustainable adoption of climate change initiatives and keep gas emissions low to ensure future prosperity. Additionally, the Philippines requests deep and productive conversation regarding non-governmental-organizations and how they can be empowered to further the initiatives of SDG 13 and those outlined in resolution 59/25, and calls upon other member states to follow in the footsteps of the People’s Survival Fund of the Philippines and develop a national fund for which NGOs can access to support their efforts.
Country:Poland
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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The Republic of Poland believes that the United Nations (UN) plays an important role in helping countries progress in a globalizing world. As the world is becoming smaller due to overseas connections becoming quicker and more secure, it also poses issues no single state can address alone. The Republic of Poland believes that the United Nations helps states come together to combat poverty, improve education, and encourage fair economic development. Through the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, Poland is inclined to make and universalize development. Offering a chance to developing or small nations to integrate into the global economy and benefit as well as receive help. The Republic of Poland wishes that all nations cooperate so that globalization shall benefit everybody and not the privileged few. Through the UN, countries have succeeded in sharing information and collaborating towards a better future.
Country:Poland
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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The Republic of Poland understands the climate has to be protected in the interest of the future of current generations. Since climate change is something that affects everyone, no country can overcome it alone. This is why the Republic of Poland has collaborated with the United Nations (UN) and their campaign to bring together states in the war against climate change. Part of the Paris Agreement and UN's Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development, the Republic of Poland is committed to reducing pollution, promoting the use of renewable sources of energy, and growing the economy in a way that does not harm the environment. The Republic of Poland also believes that all countries, small or large and developing or otherwise, should be in a position to participate and benefit from clean energy as well as green technology. In its country, the Republic of Poland focuses on movement away from coal as a major energy resource and towards the use of cleaner energy sources such as renewable resources and wind/solar energy.
Country:Qatar
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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Aligning with fellow leaders in the campaign for sustainability in developing nations, the State of Qatar affirms its commitment to strengthening the role of the United Nations in promoting programs to uplift developing nations. Through the support of education, healthcare, and disaster relief, Qatar believes that the United Nations can and should create opportunities for developing nations to succeed on the global stage. Qatar emphasizes its continued support for the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and urges its fellow nations to take similar steps to implement these goals on a domestic level. Synchronously, it is also necessary to respect the means of economic growth of nations, and to understand that a stable economy is the most important aspect of a developed nation. Qatar aims to promote global cooperation through cultural dialogue and media freedom, through institutions such as the Qatari organization Al Jazeera. The United Nations shall ensure that resources are distributed equitably, providing resources for developing nations that are the most in need. These developing nations must be guaranteed equal and unobstructed access to vaccines and health resources, as well as food resources. Evidently, Qatar believes that it is vital for the body to reinforce support for existing programs that aim to develop nations, as well as to form a coordinated effort with all members of the body to stand with developing nations and promote general well-being.
Country:Qatar
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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The State of Qatar recognizes that climate change is one of the most pressing challenges facing the modern world. As one of the world’s leading energy producers, Qatar acknowledges its unique role in the global transition toward a low-carbon future. While Qatar remains the world’s largest exporter of liquefied natural gas (LNG), it believes that natural gas serves as a vital bridge in the shift away from high-emission energy sources such as coal and oil toward cleaner, more sustainable alternatives. Advances in emissions reduction technologies make LNG an essential component of the transition to a sustainable global energy system. Qatar has pledged to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 25% by 2030 in alignment with the Qatar National Vision 2030, which emphasizes economic diversification and environmental innovation consistent with the UN Sustainable Development Goals. To support climate adaptation and mitigation globally, Qatar has invested heavily in research and innovation to advance sustainable resource management. Qatar promotes a balanced energy transition, rather than abrupt fossil fuel divestment, which could destabilize markets and impede the growth of developing nations. Qatar encourages Member States to invest in technologies that reduce the carbon footprint of essential energy production and to provide financial and technical assistance to developing countries to enable effective climate action. The State further reaffirms the importance of transparency and accountability, supporting international reporting systems that track progress on emission targets, while also promoting public education to increase understanding of the complexity of the global energy transition. The State of Qatar reaffirms its commitment to a sustainable future for the international community.
Country:Russian Federation
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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Globalization has become a defining feature of international relations, bringing both opportunities and vulnerabilities. According to UNCTAD, developing nations remain excluded from the benefits of international trade and technological transfer, while at the same time bearing the greatest risks of economic dependency. The United Nations has an important role in ensuring that globalization supports equitable growth, but it must do so in a manner that respects the sovereignty and unique development models of member states.
The Russian Federation recognizes that globalization has improved trade, investment, and innovation, but it has also revealed systemic biases. Russia has experienced the benefits of integration into the world economy while also facing challenges posed by unequal access to markets and external economic pressures. In this context, Russia emphasizes that development should not be dictated by external actors but must remain rooted in the priorities and decisions of sovereign states. Russia has advanced its own development strategy through the modernization of industry, expansion of technology, and cooperation within the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU).
The Russian Federation supports strengthening the role of the United Nations in creating conditions for fair development, provided that this role focuses on coordination, dialogue, and technical assistance rather than imposing one size fits all models. Russia calls for increased international support for technology transfer, infrastructure development, and capacity-building programs that respect national interests. Furthermore, Russia encourages the expansion of South-South and regional cooperation as pathways to global development.
Furthermore, globalization must serve the interests of all nations, not just a few. The United Nations can contribute most effectively by promoting balanced frameworks that enhance cooperation while fully respecting the sovereignty of member states.
Country:Russian Federation
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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Climate change remains one of the most pressing global challenges, impacting ecosystems, economies, and the well-being of all peoples. According to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), global greenhouse gas emissions must decline by 43% by 2030 to meet the Paris Agreement’s goals. The Russian Federation recognizes the need for coordinated international action but emphasizes that such efforts must balance environmental protection with the legitimate right of nations to pursue sustainable economic development according to their own priorities.
The Russian Federation has consistently affirmed its commitment to international climate frameworks, including the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement. Russia is taking steps to reduce the carbon intensity of its economy through modernization of energy infrastructure, increased energy efficiency, and investment in nuclear and renewable energy sources. The country is also expanding its forest resources, which act as one of the world’s largest sources of carbon, absorbing significant amounts of CO2 each year. However, Russia stresses that climate action must account for differences in national circumstances, resource availability, and economic structures, ensuring that developing and transitioning economies are not unfairly challenged.
International cooperation on climate protection should focus on practical, inclusive, and nonpolitical solutions. The Russian Federation believes that the United Nations should serve as a platform for dialogue and knowledge exchange, not as a mechanism for imposing counter intuitive measures that hinder national development. Climate financing and technology transfer must remain central to United Nations climate discussions, allowing developing states and economies to implement sustainable technology and adapt to changing environmental conditions without sacrificing growth or sovereignty.
The Russian Federation believes that the protection of the global climate must not become a tool for political or economic pressure. Only through balanced, cooperative, and a science based approach can the international community ensure environmental sustainability while safeguarding the right of every nation to determine its own development path.
Country:Rwanda
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
In recent centuries, nations across the world have become more interconnected because of trade and advancements in technology. This process has become known as globalization. Globalization has resulted in some countries getting significantly wealthier. However, it is important to note that the growth has not been evenly distributed, and a lot of countries are still facing significant challenges in terms of development, especially related to implementation of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. Many countries are in need of more support from the United Nations and its wealthier member states.
Since its founding eighty years ago, the United Nations has been leading the way on promoting a global role in the development of countries all around the world. In the late 1940’s, the UN began the technical assistance for economic development program, to provide resources to states in order to help them implement economic-related development. In the 1960s, the United Nations declared it a United Nations Development Decade, and after the 60s ended, they still hadn’t made all too much progress on Development, so they declared the 1970s to be the second United Nations Development Decade. In the 1980s, the United Nations declared that development was a human right. They were trying to get states to work together and be less protectionist in their trade policies, so that less developed countries would have fewer economic barriers to entry. In more recent years, the United Nations has been promoting development by setting concrete goals for member states to achieve. They first did this through the UN’s Millennium Development Goals, and now through the Sustainable Development Goals, which are a set of goals covering 17 different areas where development is needed around the world. These goals are meant to be reached by the year 2030.
We, the representatives of the Republic of Rwanda, would like to recognize the fantastic progress that we have made on development over the past 30 years. The Republic of Rwanda may be the most tech friendly country in Africa because of our Kigali Innovation City, which hosts many new technology startups. We also note the fact that we cut poverty in half over a period of about 20 years. All of this all happened under the leadership of our great president Paul Kagame. We understand that the Republic of Rwanda still has some work to do with regards to development. We have some goals that our president Paul Kagame calls Vision 2050. If we are successful in reaching these goals, then Rwanda will become a high income country within the next quarter of a century. We are focused on important aspects like income growth, improvements to quality of life, and sustainability. We call on the World Bank to increase loans to less developed countries so that they are able to achieve a healthy rate of development. We also thank China for their support in development efforts so far, and we urge them to increase the size of their wonderful Belt & Road Initiative, which is funding so much infrastructure development around the world. Finally, we recommend that the United States reimplements the foreign assistance programs that it has cut, hurting many less developed countries around the world.
Country:Rwanda
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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Climate change is one of the most urgent challenges facing the international community, yet responses remain fragmented. Some nations devote disproportionate resources to climate action at the expense of other domestic needs, while others fail to take significant action, leaving their populations vulnerable. This disparity threatens natural landscapes and endangers both present and future generations. The Republic of Rwanda is a small landlocked nation-state in East Africa that recognizes the need to confront the global climate crisis with balanced and decisive action. Though the Republic of Rwanda once struggled to establish strong environmental protections during its colonial period, under the leadership of President Paul Kagame since 2000, the Republic of Rwanda has transformed into a regional powerhouse in environmental sustainability, determined to preserve our “land of a thousand hills.”
Since the beginning of our President’s reign, our nation has seen changes to make the Republic of Rwanda the environmental powerhouse of Africa. We are doing this by implementing policies and amending our constitution to prevent further damage to our unique ecosystem and by preventing further humanitarian damages to be done on our populations as time persists. In 2003, our Constitution was revised to enshrine environmental rights and duties, guaranteeing citizens the right to a clean and healthy environment (Article 22) and affirming the shared responsibility of citizens to safeguard and promote environmental sustainability (Article 53). The Republic of Rwanda has implemented a nationwide ban on plastic bags, established the Republic of Rwanda Green Fund (FONERWA) to support eco-friendly infrastructure and sustainable agriculture, and pledged through our Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 40% by 2050. These initiatives reflect the Republic of Rwanda’s belief that climate resilience must be achieved not only through domestic policy, but also through global cooperation.
As a global call to act, the Republic of Rwanda appeals to the international community to commit to a greater investment in green infrastructure, expanding on environmental rights for all citizens, pledging that member-states will expand on their interests in combating the climate crisis on a global level, and promoting sustainable agriculture. This initiative would strengthen climate finance mechanisms and reinforce citizens’ environmental rights. As affirmed by the July 22, 2022 UN Resolution, “all persons have the right to a clean and healthy environment.” Investing in technological innovation would enable Global South member-states to develop a strategic plan for their present and future populations to live in a clean and healthy environment. Such efforts reinforce the recognition of environmental justice as a universal right and a shared global responsibility. The Republic of Rwanda stands ready to cooperate with fellow member- states to advance meaningful solutions to the global climate crisis, ensuring that both people in the present and future live in a clean environment and have an environment to protect for generations to come.
Country:Saudi Arabia
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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Saudi Arabia remains firmly committed to international frameworks that promote sustainable development. By participating actively in global and regional organizations, the Kingdom supports initiatives that strengthen international cooperation and uphold the principles of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Saudi Arabia recognizes that while globalization has brought progress, disparities persist due to asymmetrical policies and limited participation from Member States. The Kingdom stresses the need for greater inclusivity in global decision-making and more effective mechanisms to address jurisdictional challenges, as identified in the Human Development Report 2000. In alignment with the Millennium Development Goals, particularly Section 8, Saudi Arabia advocates for renewed efforts to build a universal partnership for development. The Kingdom urges the United Nations to enhance cooperation among Member States to ensure that the benefits of globalization are shared equitably. This includes respecting the judicial sovereignty and domestic policies of nations while facilitating fair access to global markets and resources. Through Vision 2030, Saudi Arabia is committed to fostering development that reflects both globalization and interdependence. The Kingdom continues to strengthen partnerships, encourage expanded market access for developing countries, and invest in sustainable initiatives that promote long-term prosperity for all.
Country:Saudi Arabia
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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Protection of the global climate for present and future generations is a priority for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Since our signing of the Paris Climate Agreement, the Kingdom has started the Saudi Green Initiative, a part of the broader Saudi and Middle East Green Initiatives. Under this initiative, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is committed to reducing emissions, greening the nation, and protecting our land and sea, following Sustainable Development Goals 13, 14, 15, and 17. Specifically, we are committed to having 50% of our power generated by renewable sources by 2030, with a goal of net zero emissions by 2060. Net zero emissions will be achieved not only through renewable energy, but also through implementing the Circular Carbon Economy approach, strengthening collaboration between the government and the private sector, and investing in carbon capture technologies. We believe in order to effectively mitigate climate change, the global community must build a supportive and open international economy that can support sustainable growth. Without a strong economic foundation, Member States will struggle to implement climate policy. Cooperation between nations is of utmost importance, especially for states that have limited resources to protect the climate. The Kingdom supports the widespread development of new technologies to address climate change and urges for increased technology transfer and cooperative action between nations. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is committed to continuing to be a key climate leader in the Middle East, working towards a more sustainable and economically prosperous global future.
Country:Serbia
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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Since the creation of Serbia's establishment as a free state in 1878, Serbia has been strongly in support of interdependence. As evidence of this, you can look at the history of our dealings with smaller and larger countries and their general trust in our candor. As a result of this long-standing history of partnership, Serbia fully supports promoting development through interdependence. However, we would like to highlight several issues related to incorporating globalization into this committee. While Serbia recognizes the many benefits of globalization, we fear the imbalance of power that can happen between larger and smaller nations as a result of it. The unequal distribution of power through globalization can create a hierarchical imbalance of power, in which smaller countries will have less say. In our great country's economic success, we have established a four-pillar system that focuses on attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) and integrating into global markets through numerous free trade agreements with the United States, the European Union, Russia, and China. Through these tireless efforts, we as a nation have achieved our dreams of creating a fully balanced system from which everyone benefits. We, Serbia, believe that with open discussion, thorough deliberation, and a collective call to action, we, the United Nations, can set up a system in favor of both large and small nations that ensures globalization is integrated in a fair, transparent, and inclusive way, where every nation has an equal say regardless of size or wealth. Finally, Serbia respectfully asks the United Nations not to include the state of Kosovo in these proceedings, out of recognition of Serbia's continuous position that Kosovo is still a sovereign part of our state.
Country:Serbia
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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Climate change remains one of the most pressing global challenges of the 21st century. Its impacts, ranging from temperature rise and biodiversity loss to increased natural disasters, pose significant risks to human health, economic stability, and sustainable development. These changes already affect millions, especially vulnerable communities and endanger the future of younger generations. The international community, through agreements such as the UN framework convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement, has taken steps to confront these threats. Yet emissions continue to rise, highlighting the urgent need for stronger cooperation and fairer implementation of global commitments. Serbia understands the serious consequences of climate change and its direct impact on the Western Balkans. In recent years, Serbia has experienced destructive floods and droughts that harm agriculture, energy production, and public health. As a committed party to the UNFCCC (2001) and The Paris Agreement (2017), Serbia has taken significant steps to address climate challenges. The law on Climate (2021) and the Law-Carbon Development Strategy (2021-2050) set a long term path toward emission reduction and adaptation. Through alignment with the European Green Deal, Serbia promotes a fair and inclusive transition that balances environmental protection with economic development.
Country:Sierra Leone
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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The Republic of Sierra Leone recognizes that globalization is a key driver of economic growth and stability in Member States, but also acknowledges that, as it mainly benefits more developed Member States, economic disparities may increase for developing countries. As a country that was colonized and later gained independence, the United Nations' guidance has been crucial in our development into a more advanced and prosperous nation. Therefore, it is our duty to remind Member States of the importance of inclusive globalization efforts. Our development plans for our nation’s economy and human capital development align with the Sustainable Development Goals and recent resolutions, such as 77/175, which stress the need to make globalization fair, inclusive, and sustainable, as well as urging Member States to pursue economic reforms, foster innovation for inclusive growth, and strengthen international cooperation for an open global economy to maximize the positive effects of globalization. We urge the United Nations and Member States to uphold their development declarations and resolutions to ensure that globalization and independence benefit everyone, such as The Declaration on the Right to Development 41/128, which states, in Article 4, “States have the duty to take steps, individually and collectively, to formulate international development policies with a view to facilitating the full realization of the right to development,” as well as the UN Charter, chapter IX, which states, “the United Nations shall promote: higher standards of living, solutions of international economic and related problems, and universal respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms.” This subject is important for the Republic of Sierra Leone because member states as a whole need to address historical injustices and improve the representation of underrepresented groups. Sierra Leone is prepared to collaborate with Member States to ensure that globalization promotes prosperity and inclusion for everyone. A more equitable economy is essential for all countries to succeed, especially as the world continues to progress.
Country:Sierra Leone
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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For decades, the world has been well aware of the impending doom that is climate change. Yet, despite this knowledge, the global community has continued to fail in bringing global warming under control. Global temperatures have risen by 1.2 degrees Celsius, and 99 percent of the world’s population suffers from dangerous levels of air pollution every single day. Sierra Leone views this reality as unacceptable and stands steadfast in its support of United Nations (UN) initiatives on climate change. Therefore, the delegation from Sierra Leone strongly supports the implementation of the Paris Agreement and UNGA Resolution 70/1, viewing climate action as essential to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. The delegation also reaffirms its support for Resolution 76/300, which formally recognizes the right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment. Member states should remain committed to scaling back the use of fossil fuels and expanding investments in renewable energy. At the 80th session of the UN General Assembly, Sierra Leone warned of the existential threat of climate change and urged that it is the moral responsibility of the global community to mitigate its effects. Every year, 21.5 million people leave their homelands due to the effects of climate change and, oftentimes, the populations most affected by climate change are already vulnerable due to poverty and/or ongoing conflicts. As such, Sierra Leone voted in favor of Resolution 76/300 recognizing the human right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment. As the world has learned, climate change further exacerbates existing problems, like violent conflicts, poverty, food insecurity, underdevelopment, mass migration and much more. Sierra Leone discussed this compounding of problems in its 2023 statement to the UN Security Council’s open debate on climate, peace, and security, where Sierra Leone emphasized that climate change acts as a “threat multiplier” for fragile states. It is time that Member States stop underestimating and downplaying the dangers of climate change and truly commit themselves to meaningfully contributing towards a solution. For these reasons, Sierra Leone urges Member States to heed the UN’s Call to Action on Extreme Heat and begin transitioning towards renewable energy. Climate Change and its effects cannot be controlled—much less reversed—by any single nation; the global community must come together to ensure a healthier future for humankind.
Country:Slovenia
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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The United Nations treats economic development as the steady transformation of economies through productivity, jobs, and higher living standards. This mission began with the 1948 Technical Assistance for Economic Development, followed by the 1960s Development Decade and the creation of UNCTAD in 1964, which emphasized trade as the key to progress. The Millennium Development Goals in 2000 introduced measurable targets, and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development advanced a vision of inclusive, resilient, and equitable growth. The UN continues this work through the UNDP Strategic Plan 2022 to 2025 and efforts to mobilize large scall investment for the Sustainable Development Goals. Despite progress, many nations still face protectionism, high debt, and uneven access to technology. The UN stresses that international norms must be supported by national reform to create real gains.
Slovenia’s development policy links prosperity with sustainability and social well-being. The Development Strategy 2030 sets a national goal of a high quality of life for all through productivity, education, and innovation. Domestically, Slovenia invests in digital transformation, research, and green technology to move toward a high value economy. Fiscal policy aims to keep public debt near 60 percent of GDP while maintaining steady growth. Regionally, Slovenia contributes to the European Union Cohesion Policy, which reduces inequality among member states, and cooperates through the Central European Initiative to improve trade and innovation. Internationally, Slovenia supports fair and open markets and works with the UNDP to strengthen governance and reduce inequality in developing countries. Since 2023, Slovenia has also implemented an investment screening system that protects national security while keeping markets open. As a small, trade-dependent EU economy, Slovenia view interdependence as a source of shared strength. By connecting reform at home with cooperation abroad, Slovenia supports the UN vision of sustainable development that raises living standards and promotes stability across nations.
Country:Slovenia
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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The United Nations began formal work on environmental issues in 1972 at the UN Conference on the Human Environment. Countries agreed to assess environmental damage, manage it, and provide technical support where needed. In 1979, the UN backed the Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution, recognizing that pollution can cross borders and requires cooperation. As science advanced, the UN created new tools such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 1988 and the 1992 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, which required nations to report emissions and assist developing countries. The 1997 Kyoto Protocol set binding targets for greenhouse gas reduction, and the 2015 Paris Agreement became the foundation for global climate cooperation. It asks countries to submit Nationally Determined Contributions, report transparently, and aim to limit warming to 1.5°C. The UN supports this through technology sharing, financing, and capacity building.
Slovenia views climate change as both an environmental and economic challenge that demands global cooperation. Its Long-Term Climate Strategy commits to climate neutrality by 2050, and the National Energy and Climate Plan aims for a 55 percent emissions reduction by 2030. The Ministry of the Environment, Climate, and Energy leads efforts to expand renewable power, upgrade efficiency, and phase out coal by 2033. A proposed Climate Change Act would create an independent council to monitor progress. Regionally, Slovenia works with the European Union through the Green Deal and the Fit for 55 package, aligning its policies with the EU goal of a 90 percent reduction by 2040. Internationally, Slovenia contributes to the Green Climate Fund and supports renewable energy projects in the Western Balkans. Forest conservation remains central, since sustainable forestry stores carbon and protects biodiversity. Though responsible for only a small share of global emissions, Slovenia faces serious floods, droughts, and heatwaves that damage agriculture and tourism. For Slovenia, climate action is both a moral duty and an investment in stability, innovation, and a fair transition that strengthens the global economy.
Country:Somalia
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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The Federal Republic of Somalia affirms the United Nations' commitment to development through global cooperation and understanding in a complex world. The delegation of Somalia’s progress depends on partnership, strengthening, and inclusive integration within the global economy. Somalia faces numerous challenges shaped by its difficult landscape. Despite significant progress in recent years, Somalia remains highly vulnerable. The UN’s Humanitarian Resources Plan for Somalia outlines coordinated efforts to address critical needs while also linking them to broader development goals. These efforts emphasize building resilience, self-reliance, and ensuring safe and equitable access to livelihoods and essential services. The delegation of Somalia emphasizes the importance of reducing poverty, reducing global hunger, and access to quality education within the United Nations as well as to help the Somalian people. In 2024, the Federal Republic of Somalia sustained favorable precipitation which improved agricultural production and as a result, led to better food security and higher private consumption. The delegation of Somalia approved investors and investment protection law on March 1st, 2023. The approval of these laws protects both foreign and domestic investments within Somalia and may be applicable to future UN engagement. The delegation of Somalia would like to emphasize with great respect that when there is increased globalization and interdependence, there will be economic, social, and political growth.
Country:Somalia
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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The Federal Republic of Somalia emphasizes its support for the protection of global climate for present and future generations of humanity and urges the need for an answer to the increasing influence of climate change. The United Nations in Somalia had set up many task forces for the areas of Climate Adaptation and Water Management, Droughts, and Floods, intending support and improve information-sharing. The delegation of Somalia emphasizes the importance of UN aid in this regard and has implemented domestic measures to aid in further affirming this principle. For example, the delegation of Somalia has adopted the Federal Republic's Nationally Determined Contribution – which acts as the country’s primary litigation regarding climate mitigation and reconstruction, connecting climate change and a course for peace. Furthermore, the director of the International Organization for Migration (IOM) has finished a four-day trip to Somalia and made the alarm for the critical climate and crisis unfolding in the area. With this in mind, the delegation of Somalia is looking forward to helping communities and setting up policies that will help future generations.
Country:South Africa
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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Globalization has transformed economies, connected economies, cultures and technology at an unprecedented speed. Although the numerous benefits of globalization, its has allowed many disparities to occur between nations. For the Republic of South Africa, globalization has offered opportunities for both growth and challenges to its economic sovereignty. The General Assembly’s Second Committee will play a vital role in ensuring globalization fosters sustainable and equitable development.
The United Nations has introduced and led countless programs to ensure globalization is intime with sustainable development. Two initiatives include the Monterrey Consensus of 2002 and the Doha Declaration on Financing for Development of 2008. These two initiatives emphasized international cooperation and fair trade. Despite these efforts, many structural inequalities exist.
South Africa realizes globalization is needed for inclusive growth, yet it must be managed within ideas of fairness and mutual benefit. The delegation believes the UN must also reinforce the principle that development is for all. This is to ensure developing economies are not marginalized. South Africa supports reform of international financial institutions, which will give equitable voices to emerging countries and their economies. We will advocate for industrial diversity, the transfer of technology, and investment into infrastructure. In our own country, we have created the National Development Plan 2030, which aligns with the UN’s goals, and it prioritizes industrial growth, economic inclusion, and the reduction of poverty.
The Delegation of South Africa proposes establishing a Global Development plan that has a way to measure equity. This will evaluate the development impacts of trade and finance polices on South Africa, and its neighboring countries. We also want to strengthen digital infrastructure and skills training within developing nations, which will ensure to reduce the technology gap in those nations.
It is vital to create equitable policy and ensure it is actually working. The United Nations has plans enacted to ensure this occurs, but with our resolutions being incorporated, this dream will become a reality.
Country:South Africa
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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Climate change poses an imminent threat to human security and biodiversity. This pressing issue demands collective global action, which will help to safeguard our planet for present and future generations. The Republic of South Africa heavily depends on natural resources, and we are also vulnerable to climate impacts, and so we recognize the responsibility to combat climate change, but also the limitations we face in doing so alone.
The United Nations has taken many steps to ensure the world targets climate change., through the United Nations Framework Convention of 1992 and the Paris Agreement of 2015, initiatives have been going on for decades. These initiatives establish global emission targets, mechanisms for sustainable development and funding for such causes. Through these frameworks, developing nations will be aided to turn their economies towards lower-carbon usage. Although larger economies are also targeted, financial hardships remain. Unequal access to climate technology remains prevalent, and this hurts South Africa and its neighbors in implementing the ideas.
The South African Delegation supports the full implementation of the Paris Agreement and urges other countries to do the same. We empathize that while all nations share the duty to act, those who have done greater damage in the past, should be responsible for greater efforts to mitigate their effects. They also have a larger role in financial support. South Africa is committed to reducing its carbon footprint through its Just Energy Transition Investment Plan. The JETP aims to shift from coal as an energy resource, to renewable energy sources. We will do this while also protecting workers rights and safety and at-risk communities.
South Africa introduces resolutions that will increase check-ins of developed nations’ financial commitments towards the Paris Agreement. We must ensure there is equity, as those with more should do more. We also want to propose a climate technology program, which partners countries together to facilitate green technology and the transfer of it to developing nations. With the scope of the United Nations, we must target the marginalized. The Delegation of South Africa reaffirms its commitment to preserving our planet. This must be achieved through sustainable development and respecting the environment. The United Nations remains a crucial part to ensure climate action though justice and equity, which will preserve our planet for the future.
Country:Spain
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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The role of the United Nations in using globalization and interdependence by means of development is crucial. By promoting interdependence between nations and facilitating fair trade, all nations involved are able to benefit- although these benefits are often not shared equally. A nation practicing globalization might see their collaboration as mutually beneficial, but it may subsequently cause more harm than good in another. While in practice interdependence and globalization have mixed results, being exposed to different cultures, social practices, and economies via interdependence on other nations provides new perspectives and opportunities for all parties.This gained perspective and new ideas can lead to further development on all fronts within a country. The United Nations encourages interdependence and globalization to create opportunities for development within Member Nations. The United Nations has repeatedly and continues to take action toward interdependence and globalization to encourage development. The UN has encouraged the removal of trade barriers to further promote cooperation and interdependence between nations. Moreover, the UN promotes peace and justice between nations, making interdependence and globalization far easier. With a middle ground like the UN to help solve disputes, countries are more willing to become involved in business with others. The UN openly promotes trade between countries and offers universal standards to guide ethical and fair practices. As a member of the European Union, Spain firmly believes in the value of interdependence. Spain is a nation consistently working to gain foreign support by gaining foreign investment. Foreign investment in Spain is used to further development within the nation by funding projects in different industrial services and energies. Moreover, Spain frequently works with nations outside of their trading bloc with major global actors like China. Spain and China are deeply involved in trade with one another and collaborate on technological research. Spain works with a number of nations, both inside and outside of the EU, to develop its defense, economy, services, and more. To better foster interdependence between nations, the delegation of Spain proposes decreased trade barriers between the EU and outside nations. By reducing trade barriers- both tariff and non-tariff- free trade between nations will be far easier therefore encouraging the flow of goods and services between nations. With a more open economy, the chance of political strife will be decreased, therefore encouraging further globalization.
Country:Spain
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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One of the few things that all humans share is the Earth. Earth is home to life as we know it, and yet year after year it seems more unlikely it will be able to sustain the life we know. Our climate is in a serious state of declination and worsens by the minute. Without making changes to our lives- and major ones at that- the home we all share will become inhospitable. It is vital that Earth and its climate are taken care of in order to preserve the lives of this generation and the ones to come. The United Nations have been a part of many major environment-focused movements including the ban of leaded gas and keeping our oceans free of plastic. By banning leaded gas, tetraethyl in lead can no longer affect our planet based on how much fuel is consumed. Our oceans, which provide a large fraction of the Earth’s oxygen and food supply, have also benefited from UN action. Plastics and other pollutants found in oceans correlate to the amount of greenhouse gases in our atmosphere. By working to eliminate waste in oceans, the UN is working to keep global temperature from further increasing. Spain believes aggressively in the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to avoid further harming the climate. Spain’s 2030 climate goals include reducing greenhouse gas emissions 32% from 1990, as well as increasing renewable energy. Spain is working to make transportation more sustainable for the environment and reduce waste and pollutants that contaminate water supply. Spain is dedicated to becoming one of the leading members of the European Union in renewable energy, using a majority of New Generation EU funds in order to fund projects researching green energy. Spain recognizes the importance of climate protection and knows that changes need to be made in order to better the state of the Earth’s climate. By making changes to limit carbon greenhouse gas emissions and funding renewable energy research, Spain is intentional in reducing their impact on the climate. To lessen Spain’s impact on global emissions, the delegation suggests reforming the public transportation system. By renovating the public transport system to be more effective, user-friendly, and accessible, more people will be willing to use public transportation methods instead of taking a car. If the amount of street-transportation can be decreased, Spain will see a massive drop in greenhouse emissions caused by the transportation industry.
Country:Sri Lanka
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is working towards sustainability within our borders with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals. Using the goals of improved data, knowledge management, and evidence-based policy, strengthened innovative public institutions and engagement towards a lasting peace. We recognize the opportunities and challenges brought by globalization. Regional integration and trade agreements can bring inclusive growth, yet trade liberalization can pose negative consequences on local industry and vulnerable sectors.
The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka supports the United Nations' role in fostering development through improved data systems, evidence-based policy, and strengthened public institutions. In the 2023-2027 UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), we emphasise innovation, peacekeeping, and inclusive recovery. We urge the UN to expand support for building infrastructure, digital infrastructure, and fair trade access for developing nations
As a member of the Non-Allied Movement and the Group of 77(G77), we hope for global reforms in the global economic system to better serve the Global South. For this to happen, South-to-South cooperation is necessary to build solidarity in developing nations and enhance their bargaining power in global markets. Per the General Assembly resolution A/74/239, we call for inclusive multilateralism that ensures no country is left behind in the global economy.
Country:Sri Lanka
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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As an island country that is on the top 10 list of countries susceptible to climate change, we hope to improve climate resilience and lower carbon emissions. Rising sea levels, extreme weather, and the loss of biodiversity threaten the livelihoods and safety of the people of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. Through signing the Paris agreement and the 2023 – 2050 Sri Lanka Clean Net-Zero Roadmap, which focuses on forestry, Energy, Transport, Industry, Waste, and Agriculture, we hope to increase forest cover to 32% by 2030 and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 14.5% through initiatives in the energy, transport, and industry sectors. We support General Assembly resolution A/RES/79/206, which calls upon member states to uphold international climate agreements and take decisive action to protect the planet for future generations. We urge expanded support for climate adaptation, technology transfer, and fair climate finance, especially for island nations and developing economies.
Country:State of Palestine (Observer)
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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Historically, border restrictions on the State of Palestine have hindered its ability to contribute to and benefit from the global economy. Thus, the topic of globalization as a mechanism to establish an increasingly developed globe has become a priority. While the international community has made noteworthy progress in its mission towards an integrated globe, it is also clear that the benefits and costs are unevenly distributed among nations. Consequently, developing countries such as Palestine face economic dependence rather than legitimate interdependence. For instance, The war on Gaza has had a devastating effect on our country. The destruction of infrastructure and subsequent collapse of our economy has led to widespread unemployment and poverty. This is not an issue that we can take on alone, however, it is important that the State of Palestine has a central role in the rebuilding process. Therefore, the State of Palestine wishes to advocate for the implementation of policies that allow smaller, less wealthy countries to play a bigger role in global economic decision making.
The State of Palestine would like to explore the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and emphasize the importance of committing to this initiative. In particular, goal 17, which addresses the role of developed countries in the global economy and their ability to provide support to developing nations, aligns with Palestine’s desire to innovate the mobilization of finances in a way best suited to the global circumstances. Palestine also supports the UNDP’s Strategic Plan 2022-2025 and their commitment to ensuring that all countries, weak and powerful, have the necessary resources to uphold SDGs. Proper execution of this plan has the potential to create a major turning point in our progress towards achieving SDGs. Finally, Palestine seeks to expand upon the ideas of the newly adopted New York Declaration. The “Gaza Recovery and Reconstruction Plan” serves as a good general strategy, but solidifying a detailed roadmap will ease the worries of both Palestinian state officials and the citizens of Palestine.
Country:State of Palestine (Observer)
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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The State of Palestine recognizes climate change as one of humanity’s greatest threats. It's an issue that goes beyond environmental degradation but also includes aspects of survival, justice, and equality. Palestine faces severe environmental challenges, including rising temperatures, irregular rainfall, frequent droughts, and land degradation. These effects have worsened the problems involving food insecurity, water scarcity, and public health risks. With having less than 70 cubic meters of renewable water per person annually, Palestine ranks among the most water-stressed regions in the world. These difficulties added onto the issues with the ongoing occupation further restricts access to natural resources, hindering the development of sustainable climate solutions. Palestine is just one of many examples of developing nations that are suffering not only due to their own specific disadvantages, but climate change as well. With this, the State of Palestine reaffirms its commitment to the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (1992) and the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR). These frameworks recognize that while all nations share a duty to protect the environment. Developed countries, of which may be more responsible for the majority of historical emissions, should be willing to bear a greater obligation to assist developing nations through financial, technical, and capacity-building support. Palestine stresses that no nation, especially those most affected by climate change or facing political and economic barriers, should be excluded from climate solutions. The delegation calls for equitable access to the Green Climate Fund and emphasizes transparency and accountability in international climate commitments. Addressing climate change requires inclusivity, cooperation, and justice at every level. The State of Palestine urges the international community to uphold these principles to ensure that every nation, regardless of circumstance, can actively participate in protecting the planet and securing a sustainable future for generations to come.
Country:Sudan
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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Since its independence, Sudan has faced repeated cycles of conflict, leaving its people vulnerable to poverty as it remains one of the most fragile economies in Africa, struggling to recover from years of internal conflict, weak governance, and a large decline in formal trade. Sudan’s integration into the interdependent global system depends largely on institutional reform, sustainable infrastructure, and human capacity-building.
The UN’s ongoing programs in Sudan have established the groundwork for progress, yet further expansion and coordination are still necessary. Future goals should prioritize linking humanitarian relief with long-term economic development. Programs that combine emergency aid with community-driven rebuilding (sustainable agriculture, education initiatives, and microenterprise funding) will help to strengthen local economies and reduce dependency on external assistance. Through the UNDP and UNEP, Sudan can further develop renewable energy, climate resilience, and land restoration projects to address resource scarcity and environmental degradation.
To fully benefit from globalization, Sudan must build the institutional and technological capacity to engage in international trade and innovation. The UN can assist by establishing capacity-building centers focused on entrepreneurship, digital literacy, and vocational training, and expanding microfinance and small business loan programs to encourage the economy beyond traditional agriculture. Partnerships between the UN, international investors, and local communities could foster industries that create employment and strengthen Sudan’s participation in regional markets.
Finally, future UN programs should focus on social reintegration and education. Millions displaced by ongoing conflict must be reintegrated into society through training and employment initiatives. Continued diplomatic cooperation with Sudan’s transitional authorities can promote a more transparent governance and address the issue of gender equality, ensuring that development is inclusive. Through these combined efforts, Sudan can move toward a stable, self-sufficient future that reflects the promise of globalization and shared progress.
Country:Sudan
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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The Republic of Sudan views global climate protection as an immediate existential threat to its stability and development aspirations, not merely an environmental challenge. Despite contributing minimally to global greenhouse gas emissions, Sudan bears a disproportionate burden of the consequences, which actively reverse development gains and fuel internal conflict. The arid geography of Sudan is ravaged by escalating drought, desertification, and unpredictable flash floods, directly undermining water security and food supply for millions. This climate variability acts as a risk multiplier, exacerbating resource competition and contributing directly to displacement and internal crises. Therefore, the General Assembly must recognize that for Sudan, climate protection is an urgent adaptation and peace imperative.
Sudan's primary focus, as outlined in our National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) and Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), is building national resilience through high-priority interventions in water resource management and climate-smart agriculture. The Republic of Sudan is willing to contribute to global mitigation efforts, but the full implementation of these goals is contingent upon international financial, technological, and capacity-building support.
In the spirit of collaboration, The Republic of Sudan calls upon member states to uphold the principle of Common But Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR). Developed nations must urgently fulfill and enhance climate finance commitments, dedicating a significant portion to adaptation in LDCs through simplified, easily accessible channels. It is also essential to prioritize technology transfer—such as advanced irrigation and renewable energy solutions—to build our technical capacity. Finally, the UN must fully mainstream climate security by integrating climate risk analysis into all humanitarian, peacebuilding, and development operations within Sudan. This collective, equitable effort is the only path toward securing a sustainable and peaceful future for all generations.
Country:Sweden
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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As a country which definitely believes benefits brought by globalization and interdependence, Sweden believes the United Nations must promote globalization and interdependence. However, Sweden also recognizes that globalization and interdependence bring some negative effects which includes uneven distribution of welfare, resources and cost. Sweden calls upon all the member states to notice benefits brought by globalization and interdependence, and encourage, support the United Nations to improve the distribution of benefits and costs. In detail, Sweden believes the United Nations has to take advantage of private funds to implement the programmes relevant to the 2030 sustainable development goals (SDGs). That means the United Nations can attract private investment on development projects, and this method also can release the pressure on governments of member states to give more funds and assistance to the United Nations or other countries. Not only the funds problems that are necessary to be noticed, but also the techniques problems. As developing countries lack advanced technologies, they don’t have good tools to pursue SDGs, and that is why technology transfer is so important when it comes to development. Sweden believes that attracting private funds to invest in countries that lack techniques and comprehensive markets can solve partial problems. But it also needs the United Nations assistance. Sweden believes that lots of UN organizations have enough techniques and comprehensive projects to assist developing countries, but they still need the support from member states. Sweden considers that uneven distribution of funds and techniques causes a more serious uneven distribution repeatedly, which makes developing countries unable to reach SDGs, so the United Nations has to bridge the gap between countries. The solutions mentioned above are practicable and fit Sweden’s value. What’s more, Sweden considers gender equality and climate actions as two of the aspects that are included in SDGs but are not well discussed and pursued. Sweden believes that funds and techniques should be used on these two aspects more to really solve the problems. In conclusion, Sweden believes that by introducing private funds, taking more bold actions on technique transfer, and the most important, pursuing the SDGs, the world can keep developing as globalization and interdependence still brings welfare to the world. As a long-term supporter of multilateralism and globalization, the UN has to lead the world to develop with prosperity brought by globalization and interdependence.
Country:Sweden
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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Sweden implements one of the world’s highest carbon taxes, which has significantly reduced fossil fuel use and supports the country’s goal of achieving 100% renewable electricity generation by 2040. Sweden’s 2017 Climate Policy Framework outlines the implementation of the Paris Agreement, aiming for net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2045. The framework provides legally binding commitments for all future governments and ensures annual reporting to maintain accountability.
The UNFCCC Technology Executive Committee (TEC) has made significant progress in carrying out its 2023–2027 rolling workplan. At its 31st meeting (TEC 31), the Committee advanced efforts to scale up climate technology innovation, accelerate technology transfer, and strengthen support for developing countries.As a major contributor to mitigation projects and the Green Climate Fund, Sweden facilitates technology transfer and the development of sustainable infrastructure through the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida). As a key supporter of the Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN), Sweden contributes financial and technical resources to enhance developing countries’ access to renewable energy and climate-resilient agriculture.
To promote sustainable economic development, Sida issues financial guarantees that enable banks and other investors to fund small and medium-sized enterprises in developing countries. These guarantees also support poverty reduction and advance the global goals of Agenda 2030. Furthermore, Sida maintains long-term humanitarian and development partnerships across Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Europe.
The Climate Policy Council, in its 2024 annual report, recommended that Sweden develop a clear national position in support of a science-based EU-wide 2040 climate target. To ensure transparency and accountability, the Council emphasized that achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions will require comprehensive legislation and near-zero emissions across all sectors, including agriculture, aviation, and shipping
Country:Switzerland
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
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Switzerland is heavily invested in promoting development and recognizes the importance of such an endeavor in the age of globalization. Development can provide opportunities for economic prosperity, but the benefits are unevenly distributed between high- and low- income states. The variety of experiences under globalization can leave low-income countries vulnerable to mounting debt and limited resource flow, and these varying inequities require nuanced and interconnected solutions.
We have implemented Sustainable Development Strategy programmes aimed at developing short-term action plans to advance the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals for 2030 domestically and internationally. We work closely with many UN organizations and multilateral development banks to promote development in conflict-affected areas and low-income states. We advocate for resolution language that works towards advocacy for persons less benefited by globalization. We will also keep in mind our long-term interests such as investment-friendly global economic conditions and a just international order.
Switzerland will bear in mind our obligations to the United Nations Charter Articles 55 and 56, as well as the many international organizations we are a member of, including, but not limited to: the UN Commission for Social Development (CSocD), the UN Commission on Science and Technology for Development (CSTD), and the UN Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). We are encouraged by the 2025 Sevilla Commitment and the multilateral support for its adoption. We are looking forward to drafting and adopting resolutions and fostering dialogue on development in low-income states, as well as working with like- minded delegations and ones with varied perspectives alike on the implementation of the 2025 Sevilla Commitment. We hope to build a bridge between diverse delegations and create programmes to support the Sustainable Development Goals in this new age.
Country:Switzerland
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
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As the global climate crisis worsens, urgent action is needed to advance progressive international actions that are inclusive to all Member States. Climate change is a reading cause of rising ocean levels and increased extreme weather, resulting in economic and humanitarian losses as a consequence. Protection of the global climate is a threat that affects all states around the globe, and initiative must be taken towards the prevention of climate change from all Member States.
It is imperative that more developed nations contribute according to their own emissions to the prevention of climate change, as the G20, consisting of China, India, the United States, the European Union, the African Union, and other high-income states, alone contributes to 79% of global emissions as of 2021. Major initiatives can be taken to reduce emissions through the reduction of fossil fuels in producing electricity, such as coal and oil, as well as reducing the consumption of electricity which also causes emissions as found in the United Nations Environmental Programme's 2023 report. We strongly support the transition to net-zero emissions by 2050 under the Paris Agreement and will continue to support all resolutions aimed at reducing emissions and combatting climate change.
We stress the need for international cooperation between both high and low-income Member States in this matter and further stress the need for equal representation of all states. Recognizing the differences in emissions produced that cause climate change, we hope that Member States producing higher amounts of emissions advocate for greater action taken to reduce the causes of climate change, including actions taken both domestically through policy as well as actions taken at the United Nations Conference for Protection of the Global Climate to adopt resolutions aimed at reducing climate change equitably for all states. Furthermore, we hope to work with Member States opposed to current legislation in order to find a middle ground, acknowledging that any progress towards combatting climate change is progress. Lastly, we are committed to furthering support for resolutions and strengthening guidelines for all Member States to combat climate change individually while completing contributions according to emissions produced.
Country:Syrian Arab Republic
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
The Syrian Arab Republic recognizes the critical role of the United Nations in promoting sustainable development amid the complexities of globalization and growing interdependence. Historically, Syria has faced significant challenges, including prolonged conflict, economic sanctions, and infrastructural devastation, which have severely hindered its development progress and increased humanitarian needs affecting more than 70% of the population (UN OCHA, 2025). Despite these obstacles, Syria emphasizes the importance of international cooperation under the UN framework to rebuild its economy, improve social services, and enhance resilience to global shocks through the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) framework, which the UN supports with coordinated efforts focused on poverty reduction, education, health, and gender equality (UN Syria SDGs, 2024). Syria supports UN- led initiatives that foster development partnerships, technology transfer, and inclusive economic policies that respect national sovereignty while encouraging integration into the global economy. The Syrian Arab Republic reaffirms its support for UN General Assembly Resolution 70/1, "Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development," which recognizes that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions is the greatest global challenge and an integral requirement for sustainable development. Syria's participation in multilateral forums demonstrates its renewed commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals and the principles of the UN Charter. Despite significant setbacks caused by conflict, Syria remains devoted to achieving sustainable development in its three dimensions, economic, social, and environmental, in a balanced and integrated manner. Syria welcomes international efforts to support its reconstruction and recovery through genuine partnership. The revitalized Global Partnership for Sustainable Development must facilitate equitable access to financial resources, promote technology diffusion, and close digital divides. Syria calls upon all countries and stakeholders to support policies conducive to a globalization process that benefits all people and societies, as emphasized in Resolution 79/216. Syria reaffirms that the achievement of the SDGs depends on facilitating the necessary means of implementation and strengthening international cooperation that respects each country's sovereignty and development priorities. Through continued engagement with multilateral institutions and commitment to UN principles, Syria seeks to contribute to a just and equitable international economic system that enables all nations to achieve sustainable development and prosperity for their peoples.
Country:Syrian Arab Republic
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
Paper text:
Syria has faced overlapping crises for many years, including economic collapse, a massive displacement and environmental stress which came as the result of the civil war in 2011. The structural vulnerabilities made it an easy target for even more compounding effects, not only to the area but also to the health of civilians. The primary healthcare situation is critical, where two out of five subdistricts do not have primary healthcare facilities and the number of health workers is insufficient to meet population demands (UNICEF, 2002a). Not only that, but also the frequent and more intense drought, higher temperatures and declining rainfall are leading to low agricultural production. The declines in agricultural production disrupt food systems contributing to cases of malnutrition, especially among children (USAID, 2017). The water scarcity leads to sanitary challenges, 42 per cent of people rely on alternative, an many times unsafe water sources due to a lack of safely managed water (UNICEF, 2022b). One third of water towers have been damaged due to proacted conflict (UNICEF, 2002b). These are some of the issues that Syria has been faced with for over many years. We recognize the aid we have received from all over the world, including the UN which developed United Nations Development Program (UNDP), which works in the climate change mitigation and natural resource management. It should be mentioned too the Sustainable Development Goal from Climate Action 13.3, who’s main goal is the education and awareness-raising on climate change mitigation, impact reduction and early warning, because change happens within the nation too. As we take domestic accountability for the management of some of these resources, we are actively working in collaboration with the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), United Nations Human Settlements Program (UN-Habitat), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and other partners. These international agencies and internal donors such as Norway, Saudi Arabia, UK Aid, share the focus in both immediate and long-term action
Country:Türkiye
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
As all the noble members of the United Nations the Republic of Türkiye stands in solidarity with the protection of the global climate for our present and to protect our future generations. Our nation is truly committed to achieving international and social cooperation, not only among the member states but across the whole world. Türkiye believes the United Nations must further promote globalization and interdependence by strengthening multilateral cooperation under the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 17. Enhanced North-South, South-South, and triangular cooperation are crucial to ensuring that technology, innovation, and knowledge are shared on equitable and mutually agreed terms. The UN can support this through a stronger system of coordination and by providing a targeted assistance to developing countries in mobilizing domestic resources such as taxation and revenue collection. For globalization to be inclusive, Member States must work to expand access to markets for developing countries starting from the least developed countries. Türkiye supports a universal, rules-based, non-discriminatory multistaged trading system under the World Trade Organization, including the full implementation of duty-free and quota-free market access. Simplified and transparent rules are necessary to ensure that trade agreements actually benefit those who need them most. Türkiye’s long-standing engagement in regional and international agreements demonstrates our commitment to economic cooperation and integration. For example, the agreement creating an association between the Republic of Türkiye and the European Economic Community, commonly known as the Ankara Agreement, was signed in 1963 to strengthen trade and political ties between Türkiye and our European partners. Furthermore, the 1999 Agreement between the Republic of Türkiye and the United States on the Development of Trade and Investment Relations demonstrates Türkiye’s dedication to fostering North–South partnerships that promote investment, technology transfer, and inclusive economic growth. These past efforts show Türkiye’s willingness to build bridges between economies and to use treaties as tools for promoting development, stability, and interdependence, the basic principles that align directly with the mission of this committee. Türkiye stands ready to work with all Member States to strengthen partnerships for sustainable development, advance inclusive globalization, and create a future where no nation is left behind.
Country:Türkiye
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
Paper text:
The Republic of Türkiye stands allied with the entirety of the United Nations in the cause to protect the global climate for not only the current generation, but also for the generations to come. However, Türkiye also stresses the importance of development and readiness in context with this issue. Nations that are still working to make large progress on their sustainable development goals (SDGs), specifically those outlined in SDG 8, 9, and 11, must expend large amounts of natural resources. While this might seem counterintuitive to climate protection, these actions are necessary. To create proper infrastructure that can handle the weighty task of climate protection, a nation must first have a firm foundation that can handle the shift to greener methods of energy. Reaching this state is only achievable through using natural resources like coal, timber, oil, and gas. Along with that, most developing nations do not currently possess nuclear energy, one of the most efficient and green energy methods. Türkiye is intimately familiar with this struggle and would also like to recognize that even nations on the forefront of climate protection must fall back onto resources like coal when unforeseen circumstances like war force their hand. Expenditures of these resources should not be seen as backward steps from achieving climate protection, but as necessary measures taken to eventually reach the end goal of protecting the climate. With the Paris Agreement, it clearly lays out that developed nations are to assist the rest of the world in reaching climate goals, building each other up and bringing nations together through interdependence. Türkiye, deeply concerned with this and understanding the steps outlined in the Paris Agreement, signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the World Bank, the UN, IFC, EBRD, France, and Germany. These global partners are pledging technical and financial support to Türkiye in their steps towards reaching carbon neutrality. Türkiye strives to be a facilitator in assisting all nations build up and reach climate goals, not just because of our geographical location as the crossroads for Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, but also because we are a nation understands requiring outside assistance in reaching these goals. Developing countries must first facilitate the grounds for these changes to happen, but it is of vital importance that developed countries assist in accomplishing these goals as well. It is up to everyone to open the doors for anyone to reach the goals of climate protection.
Country:Thailand
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
The Kingdom of Thailand recognizes globalization as a defining force shaping economic, social, and technological progress across nations. As a developing country and an active member of ASEAN, Thailand views interdependence as both a challenge and an opportunity for inclusive and sustainable growth. Guided by the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, Thailand integrates the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into its national strategies, with particular emphasis on SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure). We believe that globalization must advance in a way that balances economic progress with environmental sustainability and social equity, ensuring that all nations benefit equally from shared development. The Kingdom of Thailand acknowledges the United Nations for its leadership in promoting equitable development through initiatives such as the Addis Ababa Action Agenda (AAAA) on Financing for Development, as well as the ongoing efforts of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP). These frameworks have been instrumental in strengthening global cooperation, supporting sustainable trade, and advancing technology transfer for developing economies. Nevertheless, as globalization continues to reshape the international landscape, the Kingdom of Thailand calls upon the United Nations to strengthen coordination among its agencies to enhance access to innovation, digital connectivity, and green technology in developing countries. We believe that such efforts will enable all economies to participate fully in the shared benefits of global interdependence. As a developing nations, we strongly advocates for enhancing South-South Cooperation as practical mechanism for sharing knowledge, technology and investment among developing nations. We also encourages the United Nations to work closely with international financial institutions to expand concessional financing and development assistance for green transition projects. By deepening partnership and embedding sustainability within the global economy, the United Nations can ensure that globalization promotes not only economic growth but also resilience, inclusivity and long-term well-being for all.
Country:Thailand
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
Paper text:
The Kingdom of Thailand recognizes climate change as an urgent global threat and affirms the protection of the global climate for present and future generations of humankind. We believe international cooperation is essential in the promotion and implementation of sustainable development with climate action and to safeguard the livelihood of present and future generations. The Kingdom of Thailand has experienced firsthand the devastation caused by increasing climate change. Having endorsed the Paris Agreement in 2016, the Kingdom of Thailand has since adopted the Climate Change Master Plan (2015–2050) and the Bio-Circular- Green (BCG) Economy Model, which aims to integrate adaptation, mitigation, and sustainable low-carbon and climate-resilient growth. Our updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) increases its emission reduction target, aligning with global climate and Sustainable Development Goals set forward by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is the highest it has been in 2 million years, sea-level rise is at its fastest in 3,000 years, and Arctic sea ice is at its lowest levels in at least 1,000 years. The continued warming of the climate will cause severe impacts on all nations, as already seen in many nations by the devastation to agriculture and infrastructure, causing impacts on international and domestic trade. The Kingdom of Thailand calls for the United Nations to focus more efforts on pursuing the implementation of equitable, pragmatic climate policies that combine international development with the mitigation of climate change. We encourage the emphasis on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, acknowledging that while all nations must share a duty to protect the planet, developed nations should be leaders in the effort to preserve and protect our environment. The Kingdom of Thailand believes international cooperation through frameworks set forward by the United Nations is essential to ensuring that climate change protections remain effective for both present and future generations.
Country:United Arab Emirates
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
In the year 2000, the international community came together and came up with development goals to work towards as the world was beginning to step forward into a new millennium. The biggest goal to work towards that will lead to all other countries being able to reach the Millennium Development Goals is that of ensuring environmental sustainability. Since the adoption of the Millenium Development Goals, there has been a continuous increase in carbon emissions. Many countries have gone about fighting the crisis we are seeing with carbon emissions that leads to global warming and lower economic development in a variety of different ways. Some members are in favor of joining treaties to lower their carbon emissions through joint responsibility, while others have imposed taxes and fees on carbon emissions. We are in favor of both of these ideas in addition to working to diversify each states’ economies away from being overly reliant on fossil fuels to having a balanced approach that includes green and renewable energy. In addition to these goals, we are committed to working with the international community as a whole to help develop each state in a sustainable and pragmatic way so that they may be set up on the long road towards success and to fully participate in the global economy. Member states can take to meet the Paris Agreement’s emission reduction targets through a plethora of ways, with the biggest ones being investing in more renewable/green energy and instituting taxes on a per- ton basis of carbon emissions a business emits, which will create a motivation to reduce carbon emissions and shift towards to more environmentally friendly business operations. Member states can assist developing countries in implementing climate action policies by investing in these countries and helping them gain the resources necessary to develop technology for renewable/green energy. One way member states can help developing nations is by engaging in global free trade to give developing nations the materials and resources they need to create green energy technology, such as a nuclear power plant or solar panel power station. Member States can respond to the increasing public scrutiny of their climate change commitments in how they govern. Achieving effective and efficient governance can be done in a litany of ways, from fast tracking and streamlining processes so that projects that are going towards climate change developments can start on time, antitrust laws to make sure no single company has a monopoly over markets and it drives competition to meet the climate change goals, and giving subsidies to companies that are developing climate change technology.
Country:United Arab Emirates
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
Paper text:
To combat the ongoing climate crisis and make global economic growth more sustainable, the international community has come together on many occasions to work towards the goal of ensuring each country can develop in a sustainable manner. Member states using cooperation that is being used today to combat climate change can be seen in the Paris Climate Agreement to make sure the global surface temperature does not rise past two degrees Celsius in order to prevent a global catastrophe. There have also been several ways that affordability, growth, and innovation have been encouraged through things such as having global trade so that each country has the tools that it needs in order to succeed and develop. There has already been great progress made with agreements such as the Montreal Protocol that helped heal the hole in the ozone layer, and we also strongly commend Resolution 78/160 deals with science, technology, and innovation for sustainable development. The United Nations can further promote globalization and interdependence in line with obtaining the Sustainable Development Goals by beginning to invest more in programs that work to help countries with infrastructure and education to help countries become more developed and do not have to worry about basic things such as having access to clean drinking water. This will help countries shift away from physiological needs and more towards developing as a country overall, which will come through being a member of the United Nations. Member states can take a more active role in improving access to markets for developing countries by negotiating free trade agreements with other countries to further promote cooperation and help those developing countries gain better access to global markets. The trade deals need member states to properly negotiate the terms, however, so that all the states’ economic stakeholders (workers, consumers, businesses, etc.) have their needs met. There are a multitude of barriers that still exist that result in asymmetrical economic development, such as hunger, poverty, and internal conflict. Being more connected to the world and having better developed infrastructure and education systems is also a very important reason there are barriers that result in asymmetrical economic development.
Country:United Kingdom
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
The United Kingdom is committed to aligning itself with the United Nation’s goals of strengthening globalization. States can invest in themselves and other states by strengthening Multilateral Cooperation. Mutual cooperation will be obtained by working with the private sector and trade blocs such as the African Union, ASEAN, and the European Union. Working with Non-Governmental organizations that exist internationally will aid in meeting the goals of furthering globalization by capitalizing on the existing foundations that the private sector offers. Challenges that the United Nations faces in its desire for globalization are the imbalance of available technologies in developing states. To combat this technology gap seen when trading with developing countries, the United Kingdom will support a resolution that looks to support these states by highlighting opportunities to promote and develop their own technology resources.
Country:United Kingdom
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
Paper text:
The United Kingdom is committed to protecting the global climate for present and future generations. The United Kingdom seeks to stay true to the Paris Climate Agreement and to promote the United Nations in its mission to protect the planet as a place for future generations to thrive. The United Kingdom supports ideas that encourage science development and early warning systems that track climate-related hazards. Additionally, ideas that support member states’ plans to reduce carbon emissions would be favorable. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are crucial to create goals across the world that will help us research new green technologies. The United Kingdom is also committed to assisting states in gaining knowledge and resources to protect the climate and their environment.
Country:Venezuela
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
The topics before the General Assembly Second Committee are Economic development and international cooperation, Sustainable development and the 2030 Agenda, and Global financial stability and crisis prevention. The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela is committed to ensuring genuine development based on sovereignty, solidarity, and South-South cooperation, and looks forward to working with fellow member states to build a more just and equitable international economic order.
The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela recognizes that authentic economic development must prioritize human welfare over profit and respect each nation's sovereignty over its natural resources. Venezuela possesses the world's largest proven oil reserves and significant mineral wealth, yet the nation's development has been severely constrained by illegal unilateral coercive measures imposed by the United States and its allies. These sanctions have blocked over $200 billion in Venezuelan assets and prevented access to international financial systems. Despite these obstacles, Venezuela remains committed to its Bolivarian model of development that has historically reduced poverty and expanded access to education and healthcare through social missions. Venezuela has pioneered alternative models of international cooperation that reject neocolonial dependency. The Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America (ALBA-TCP), founded in 2004, represents a solidarity-based trade bloc that prioritizes social welfare over corporate profit. ALBA-TCP has facilitated cooperation among member states through initiatives such as Operation Miracle, which has provided free eye surgery to millions across Latin America and the Caribbean. Venezuela also established PetroCaribe in 2005, providing preferential oil financing to Caribbean nations without exploitative conditions. The Bolivarian Republic continues to advocate for South-South cooperation, technology transfer without conditionality, and the reformation of international financial institutions to give developing nations an equal voice in global economic governance.
Country:Venezuela
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
Paper text:
The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela is deeply committed to sustainable development that balances economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection. Venezuela's territory includes significant portions of the Amazon rainforest and extraordinary biodiversity that the nation is committed to protecting through numerous protected areas and collaboration with indigenous communities who serve as stewards of these ecosystems. The principle of common but differentiated responsibilities must guide all sustainable development efforts, as industrialized nations that bear historical responsibility for global emissions have failed to provide adequate climate finance. Venezuela has implemented comprehensive programs aimed at food sovereignty and sustainable agriculture. The Gran Misión AgroVenezuela, established in 2011, aims to increase domestic food production through support for small farmers and development of agricultural infrastructure. The Bolivarian government has also invested in renewable energy diversification, particularly hydroelectric power at the Guri Dam, which provides the majority of Venezuela's electricity. However, unilateral coercive measures have severely impacted sustainability efforts by preventing access to replacement parts, technical assistance, and financing for green technology. Venezuela calls upon the international community to recognize that sanctions directly contradict the 2030 Agenda. The Bolivarian Republic continues its commitment to climate justice, demanding that developed nations fulfill their climate finance obligations and pay their climate debt to nations like Venezuela that suffer disproportionately from climate change.
Country:Viet Nam
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
Viet Nam acknowledges the progress made toward the goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. In particular, efforts related to sustainable economic development and sustainable energy sources have achieved some success. To further the goals of the 2030 Agenda, we call for increased global interdependence. The annual ESCAP meeting in 2025 affirmed regional cooperation on goals regarding sustainable development, developing middle-income nations, and water and climate issues. The 2025 High-Level Political Forum (HLPF) and the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) have underscored the urgent need for a more inclusive and equitable model of globalization. We further emphasize that in the context of multiple and overlapping global crises ranging from economic instability, climate disruption, to inequalities in access to technology, collective action and solidarity are indispensable. Strengthening multilateral cooperation remains vital to safeguarding development gains and ensuring that no country is left behind in the pursuit of sustainable progress.
Country:Viet Nam
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
Paper text:
The State of Viet Nam recognizes the continued threat of environmental degradation and the acceleration of global greenhouse gases. We stand in full support of goals 31-33 listed in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. We acknowledge that social and economic development depends on managing the planet's natural resources. We call on the United Nations to prioritize aiding developing countries in their struggles with greenhouse emissions and detrimental environmental practices. The 2030 Agenda also recognizes the need for a universal plan among UN members to help finance and combat global climate crises. We affirm the 2023 Climate Change Synthesis Report, which asserts that any steps taken to reduce carbon emissions can positively impact future generations.
Country:Zambia
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
The Republic of Zambia believes that continued perseverance of diplomatic and mutually beneficial global economic growth is heavily reliant on the development of international sovereign debt resolution. According to the 2025 UN Center for Trade and Development report, a total of 3.4 billion people live in countries that spend more on interest payments than on both health and education. To ensure the continued financial stability of heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC’s) in accordance with the 2030 Agenda, particularly Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 17.4, Member States must ensure that credit and debtor nations have mutually agreed upon the processes to settle repayment failures.
The Center for Global Developments 2024 Zambia case study reports on Issues with the current Common Framework for Debt Treatments beyond the Debt Service Suspension Initiative (DSSI). The unwillingness of developing state lenders to join international financial organizations like the G20 and Paris Club causes division in official creditor committees (OCCs). Increased private foreign lending causes confusion around what fair comparability of treatment (CoT) between private and lateral lenders actually entails. The situation increasingly calls for a change to the sovereign bankruptcy framework. Certain jurisdictions are taking steps towards this, eurozone law enforces collective action clauses (CACs) on foreign public loans with over a year of maturity; these practices can prevent holdout creditors and predatory private debt holders. To properly deal with future sovereign debt restructuring in our modern global financial system, Zambia strongly recommends a change in the common framework. Zambia encourages Member States to continue passing national collective action legislation. Zambia also recommends changing the previous wording set by the Common Framework. For example, former IMF Economist Dr. Grigorian suggests a twofold approach where private creditors can seek different CoT than lateral lenders due to their lack of incentive to otherwise involve themselves in large cuts. These actions can help prevent and deal with future unsustainable debt.
Country:Zambia
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
Paper text:
The Republic of Zambia advocates for special emphasis on the implementation of water management investments to bolster economic prosperity and further climate resilience. The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) reports that Zambia itself has been grappling with one of the worst droughts in recent history, degrading its access to safe water sources. This is especially concerning, as the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) 2024 World Water Development Day Report cites water as an essential factor in irrigation, agriculture, irrigation, and sanitation, all important factors of economic development in lower-income countries (LICs). However, despite these importances, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) reports that half of the world's population continues to face water insecurity. Research that Member States currently conduct into water management, and its subsequent outputs will further greater investments into continued water management, increasing economic output in LICs and the goals of the 2030 Agenda.
In 2022, under the guidance of the Continental Africa Water Investment Programme (AIP), Zambia’s Ministry of Water Development and Sanitation began the Zambia Water Investment Programme (ZIP). Zambia, classified as a LIC by the World Bank, integrated the ZIP plan into the Zambia Vision 2030 and its Eighth National Development Plan (8NDP), which outlines Zambia's goal to become a middle-income country by 2030. Zambia believes that a special focus on water security investment can, in turn, boost economic transformation, creating more jobs and resilience to climate shocks. ZIP focuses on three investment focus areas (IFA): economic growth, environmental sustainability, and social inclusion. The AIP finds that sub-Saharan African countries lose 5 per cent of their annual GDP due to poor water management. Zambia encourages Member States to invest in increased research into the implementation of new water systems and strengthening existing ones in an effort to achieve both the 2030 Agenda as well as bolster overall economic prosperity. Focusing on these areas will use water as a launch pad for economic transformation, community resilience, and institutional strengthening.
Country:Zimbabwe
Topic: Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence
Paper text:
Globalization has emerged as a defining force of this century, fostering peace and interdependence among nations. However, for many developing states, globalization has often produced inequality rather than opportunity. According to UNCTAD, developing countries collectively spend over $487 billion USD annually servicing external debt, in other words, 3.4 billion people spend more on interest than on health or education. Recent UNDP reports highlight that without better access to more effective debt relief; many developing countries risk long-term solvency crisis. Zimbabwe is one of many states who have not experienced meaningful progress on the global stage. The United Nations has addressed these concerns through the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the Addis Ababa Action Agenda, and institutions such as ECOSOC and UNCTAD, which promote financing for development, fairer trade, and technology transfer. Yet, persistent barriers such as economic sanctions, corruption, and a vulnerable agricultural economy continue to limit Zimbabwe’s ability to fully benefit from globalization. Despite these challenges, Zimbabwe has pursued integration through SADC and ATCFTA, while also advancing partnerships with China and Russia to attract investment into their industrial sector. Guided by its National Development Strategies I and II, Zimbabwe is committed to transforming its economy by diversifying beyond coal and strengthening food security. To achieve this goal, Zimbabwe calls for the United Nations to spearhead a Technology Transfer Platform that would allow African countries greater access to solar power, climate- resilient crops, and industrial opportunities such as electric vehicle battery development. Zimbabwe further calls for UN support for ATCFTA as a pathway to stronger regional integration. Through these targeted and collaborative initiatives, Zimbabwe reaffirms its readiness to work with all Member States, developed and developing alike, in shaping a global economy that serves all.
Country:Zimbabwe
Topic: Protection of global climate for present and future generations of humankind
Paper text:
Climate change is a critical global issue threatening ecosystems, economies, and most importantly people, developing countries like Zimbabwe are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. The UN has long recognized climate change as a persistent global issue stating that around 3.6 billion people are currently highly vulnerable to climate change impacts. Adaptation costs to climate change in developing countries will be within the range of $215 billion to $387 billion per year by 2030. These adaptation costs refer to the financial resources required for developing countries to implement measures that reduce vulnerability to the impacts of climate change. This includes building resilient infrastructure, improving water and food security, and strengthening early warning systems. Without adequate funding and support, many countries like Zimbabwe may struggle to protect their populations and economies from the worsening effects of climate change. Inaction risks worsening poverty, displacement, and irreversible environmental damage. Although agencies like the UNFCCC have helped establish a global consensus, their effectiveness is hindered by a lack of commitment and binding enforcement mechanisms. Zimbabwe has shown enhanced commitment to climate action through actively participating in climate summits alongside ratifying the Paris agreement. Zimbabwe has welcomed support from agencies such as the African Development Bank, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and the Global Environment Facility (GEF) to establish the Renewable Energy Fund (REF). Zimbabwe reaffirms its commitment to global climate goals and calls on the United Nations to strengthen support for climate resilience and sustainable energy development across vulnerable nations or the well-being of present and future generations. Zimbabwe proposes that the United Nations establish a UN-Supported Climate Agriculture Support Fund for agriculture in developing countries. While existing institutions like the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) play a vital role in supporting rural development, Zimbabwe proposes a more targeted UN-Supported Climate Agriculture Support Fund focused specifically on accelerating the deployment of climate-resilient agricultural technologies and practices in response to the urgent impacts of climate change. This fund would complement, not duplicate, existing efforts by focusing on climate adaptation and resilience in agriculture across the most vulnerable regions. The fund would be focused on accelerating the deployment of climate-resilient agriculture tools. The fund would further improve food security and reduce poverty in developing countries, directly supporting SDG 1 (No Poverty), SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), and SDG 13 (Climate Action). It could be implemented via existing UN bodies to ensure coordinated and effective delivery. Zimbabwe also proposes a UN supported renewable energy investment platform for African countries. The platform would enable African countries to expand renewable energy projects by leveraging a combination of public funding, international aid, and private sector investment. This approach would help countries like Zimbabwe partner with energy companies that offer proven technologies, facilitating successful technology transfer and long-term sustainability. It would help developing countries partner with energy companies with proven technologies allowing for successful technology transfer. By advancing these targeted initiatives, Zimbabwe urges the international community to act with urgency and unity in safeguarding the planet for present and future generations.
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